A study of the submarine landslide-induced impulse wave based on physical experiments
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摘要: 灾难性海啸有时由海底滑坡运动造成，海底滑坡的涌浪产生过程研究是海啸研究的关键。海啸形成主要受控于滑体的几何尺寸、滑动速度、水深、滑动角度等因素。基于这些因素，文章设计并实施了水下刚性滑块正交物理实验。试验中滑块的厚长比在0.035~0.180之间，斜坡滑道的倾角在10°~16°之间，Froude数处于0.18~0.70之间。试验分析表明初始涌浪形成早于滑块停止；初始波谷（最大波谷）是在滑动最大速度时产生的，波谷位置也是速度最大时滑块的质心位置。初始涌浪波的典型特征是大的波谷与小的波峰。利用试验的输入输出数据，回归推导形成了最大波谷和最大波峰计算公式。试验分析结果深化了对海底滑坡产生海啸的认识，为海底滑坡海啸预测提供了基础和技术支撑。Abstract: Movement of submarine landslide may sometimes result in catastrophic tsunamis. The generation process of submarine landslide-induced impulse wave is crucial to the study of tsunami. The generation of tsunami is mainly controlled by the geometry of the mass, sliding velocity, sliding angle and water depth. Based on these factors, underwater orthogonal physical experiment of rigid block is designed and implemented. The proportion of thickness to length of the sliding block ranges between 0.035 and 0.180. The sliding angle is between 10°and 16°, with the Froude number between 0.18 and 0.70. The analyses of the experiments show that the formation of original impulse wave is earlier than the cease of the slide. The original trough (the biggest trough) generates when the sliding velocity reaches the maximum value. The position of trough is nearly the position of the mass center when the velocity of the slide reaches the maximum value. The original impulse wave is typically characterized by big troughs and small peaks. The calculation formula of the maximum trough and amplitude are derived by regressing the input and output data of the experiments. The analysis results of the experiments deepen the understanding of the generation of the submarine landslide-induced tsunami, and provid fundamental and technical support for submarine landslide-induced tsunami prediction.
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Key words:
- rigid mass /
- underwater landslide /
- impulse wave /
- physical experiment /
- wave trough
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