西北地区油页岩形成条件及找矿方向
Formation and Exploration Target of Oil Shale in Northwest China
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摘要: 西北地区是我国油页岩资源最丰富的地区之一,不仅在鄂尔多斯、准噶尔、塔里木、柴达木、额济纳旗—银根等大型沉积盆地广泛分布,而且在大青山、阴山地区的海流图、固阳、石拐沟、卓资及乌兰花等陆相山间盆地,祁连—河西走廊地区的盆地群(西起敦煌盆地,东至六盘山盆地—巴音浩特盆地,南抵柴达木盆地包括了众多的以古生界为基底的中新生代中小型沉积盆地)的许多中小型盆地也广泛分布。通过对西北地区不同沉积盆地油页岩形成条件与成因类型分析,总结了西北地区油页岩的3种成因类型,即深湖-半深湖相成因;海陆交替相成因和沼泽相成因。认为大型内陆湖盆深湖-半深湖相沉积,由于沉积环境稳定,富含有机质,形成的油页岩矿床具有分布面积广、厚度大、含油率稳定的特点,往往形成大型油页岩矿床,为最有利勘探区。Abstract: Northwest China is one of the most abundant areas in oil shale in the nation,where oil shale is widely distributed in a number of large sedimentary basins such as the Ordos,Zhungerer,Tarim,Qaidam and Ejina-Yingen,and also some medium-small size basins such as the continental facies intermontane basins in the Daqingshan and Yinshan areas as well as in the Qilian-Hexi Corridor (west to the Dunhuang basin,east to the Liupanshan basin-Bayanhot basin,south to the Qaidam basin,including many Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins with Paleozoic basement).By analysis of formation conditions and genetic type of different sedimentary basins in northwest China,The author proposed three genetic types of oil shale:deep lacustrine-moderate lacustrine facies,marine-continetal interactive facies and swamp facies. It is suggested that the deep lacustrine-moderate lacustrine facies of large inland basin is the most favorable exploration targetbecause of its steady sedimentary environment,abundant organic matterand other characteristics such as wide distribution,great thickness and steady oil content which made oil shale deposit much easier.
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Key words:
- northwest China /
- oil shale /
- genetic type /
- resource potential
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