Abstract: The soil quality in 29 provinces,cities,municipalities of China and crop harvest are closely correlated with the following chemical elements N,P,K,S, Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B,Mo,V.Sr,Ti,Mg, La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Y,Gd,Tb,ny, Ho,Er,Tm, Yb,Lu,Ca,Co,Ni,F,Ti,Si,Na,Cr,Pb, Cd,Hg,Se,Ba,Te,Ta and organic matter content,acidity/alkalinity,water and content salt content in soil. The quality of soil provides an excellent foundation to improve crop yield. Hence,we should completely develop and protect the state land resource. This paper brings foreword the object,content, method,administration and prospect of geological study of ecology agriculture in China.