地质找矿的科学思维模式探析
Study of Scientific Thinking Pattern of Geological Prospecting
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摘要: 在矿产项目立项、设计及勘查工作部署时常会遇到找矿思路不清晰、找矿方法选择不当的问题，而对这两方面的研究是找矿工作的核心，具有指导全局方向性的意义。专家最关注的是项目相关地区地质资料收集与分析研究、找矿信息提取、找矿思路确定、找矿方法选择、工作部署、工作量安排、工作质量监督和实施计划等关键环节。项目设计的找矿思路、找矿方法选择与工作部署是由项目设置地区独特的地质背景所决定，一定的地质背景条件具有成矿的专属性与规律性。在实际工作中，常存在对地质、物探、化探、遥感等资料的综合分析利用不够等问题。没有对工作区地质背景、物探、化探、遥感资料的综合分析与研究，就无法通过这些资料所包含的成矿规律信息来发现该地区的找矿线索。笔者通过工作实践，认为找矿思路可划分为6个步骤，即：①资料收集与初步整理。②综合整理与信息集成。③建立找矿信息点、面三维形态思维，认识与判断矿（化）体位置、特征。④物探、化探、遥感勘查技术方法选择。⑤工程验证方法选择。⑥科学推测与事实之间的误差校正与总结。Abstract: When evaluating mineral project applications and preliminary survey reports, experts often come across obscure prospecting ideas or inappropriate prospecting methods. However, as the core of mineral exploration work, the two aspects are vitally important in overall planning. Guided by prior metallogenesis phenomenon and professional knowledge, experts give their advice and recommendations on a regional basis. Their major concern includes important steps such as geology information integration, prospecting information gathering, the choice of prospecting ideas and methods, projects scheduling, work arrangements, implementation and supervision. The crucial prospecting ideas, methods and arrangements are often determined by the region's unique geological background. Each kind of geology leads to specific characteristics and patterns of mineralization. In reality, researchers often fail to integrate different methods as geological, geophysical, geochemical or remote sensing, therefore unable to find prospecting clues by the metallogenic regularity indicated in the gathered information. Based on long-term exploring experience, we are able to classify the prospecting ideas into 6 steps: ① information gathering and integration; ② information classification and processing; ③ 3D simulation of prospecting information; ④ identification of mineral position and characteristics, selection of appropriate physical and chemical methods for specimen; ⑤ selection of engineering verification methods; ⑥ correction of errors between scientific speculation and facts.
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Key words:
- prospecting idea /
- prospecting method /
- information integration
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