渭河单冲压陷盆地的厘定及其控藏作用
Definition of the Weihe Single-thrusting Compressional Basin and Its Reservoir-forming Conditions
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摘要: 盆地的结构构造是认识盆地的基础，它不仅对油气及其伴生资源的生、储、盖、圈、运、保起重要的控制作用，也是进行勘查和成藏预测的重要依据。笔者在大量高精度物探和地质资料基础上，重新厘定了控盆断裂构造性质，并在此基础上划分了渭河盆地的构造单元，就渭河断陷盆地不同结构单元的构造特征、油气及其伴生资源的成藏条件及其分布规律进行了对比。研究发现：①浅部北倾、深部南倾的秦岭北坡断裂是一条巨大的区域性逆冲断裂。②渭河盆地北山南缘断裂带的断裂非传统的张性正断层，而是受局部应力场作用下的剪性正断层，但整体为逆断层。③渭河盆地不是地堑，而是一个单冲压陷盆地。④不同盆地结构单元的油气及其伴生资源的成藏条件及其分布规律存在差异：断阶带是奥陶系的天然气有利成藏区，主要受控于断阶构造；单斜带是石炭二叠系天然气有利成藏区，主要受控于单斜构造；凹陷带天然气富集与滚动背斜、断鼻构造及砂砾岩体的发育有关；断裂带与鼻隆的交汇区是有利的水溶性氦气的成藏区。Abstract: The basin structure is the foundation for understanding this basin, which not only has an important control to the production, storage, coverage, entrapment, transportation and protection of the oil and gas and its associated resources, but also is a key basis for the exploration and reservoir-forming prognosis. Based on a large number of accurate geophysical exploration and geological data, the structure characters of basin-controlling fracture have been redefined in this paper, and the tectonic units of the Weihe basin have been divided. And then, the structural characteristics of different structural units, reservoir-forming conditions and distribution laws of oil-gas and its associated resources in Weihe basin have been compared. It is found that the northern fault of Qinling Mountain is a huge regional thrust fault, which slopes to north in shallow part and to south in deep. The southern Beishan fault in Weihe basin is not a traditional normal extensional fault, which is effected by the local stress field, with a feature of whole thrust fault. The Weihe basin is not a graben, but a single stamping compressional basin. There are differences in reservoir-forming conditions and distribution laws of oil-gas and its associated resources between different structural units of the basin. The fault belt is a favorable reseivoir zone for ordovician gas, which is mainly controlled by faulted terraces. The monoclinal belt serves as a favorable reseivoir zone for permo-carboniferous gas, which is mainly controlled by the monoclinal structure. The enrichment of the gas in depression belt is related to the development of rollover anticline, faulted nose structure and sandstone rock. The convergence region between fault belt and nose uplift is advantageous to water-soluble helium.
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Key words:
- basin structure /
- dynamic mechanism /
- reservoir-forming conditions /
- Cenozoic era /
- Weihe Basin
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