Simultaneous Determination of Copper and Silver in Silver Concentrate by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Theorem Completion
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摘要: 在高氯酸-硫脲介质中用原子吸收光谱法同时测定地质及选冶样品中银和铜已有文献报道;但在王水-硫脲介质中存在铜对银的测定干扰。本文采用盐酸-氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸四酸溶矿,王水提取、硫脲络合,用火焰原子吸收光谱法对银精矿中铜、银进行连续测定。通过筛选不同的样品消解方法,试验了硫脲介质浓度的影响,对共存元素的干扰进行消除。结果表明:四酸溶矿效果最好;通过加入过量的硫脲并控制其浓度在20 g/L以内,使溶液中银的白色沉淀与硫脲生成可溶的Ag[SC(NH2)2]3+配离子,消除了铜对银测定的干扰。该方法用于样品分析,相对标准偏差RSD(n=6)铜为1.20%~2.11%,银为0.61%~1.18%;加标回收率铜为96.5%~107.0%,银为97.3%~104.7%。测定值与碘量法、火试金法结果相符。本法具有简单、实用、成本低等优点,可满足银精矿选矿工艺生产的需要。Abstract: A method has been reported in articles for the simultaneous determination of copper and silver in geological samples or samples of mineral processing and smelting by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in an aqua regia-thiourea medium. However, interference from copper made the determination of silver in the aqua regia-thiourea medium difficult. In this paper, a method is decribed whereby the sample was dissolved with a four-acid system of HCl-HF-HNO3-HClO4, extracted by aqua regia and chelated by theorem. The continuous determination of silver and copper in silver concentrate was made by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) in an aqua-thiourea medium. The interference of coexisting elements was eliminated by testing different sample digestion methods and different concentrations of the thiourea medium. The results show that the samples were completely dissolved with the four-acid system. By adding excessive amounts of thiourea within the 20 g/L, the white precipitation of Ag was completely transformed into the Ag[SC(NH2)2]3+ ion in order to eliminate interference from copper. This method was applied to the analysis of samples with relative standard deviations (RSD, n=6) for Cu and Ag in the range of 1.20%-2.11% and 0.61%-1.18%. With the standard addition, the recoveries for Cu and Ag were in the range of 96.5%-107.0% and 97.3%-104.7%. The determination results are in agreement with fire assay and iodometry results. The method has the merits of easy, practicality and low cost, which meet the demands for silver concentrate processing.
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Key words:
- silver concentrates /
- copper /
- silver /
- thiourea complexing /
- Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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表 1 仪器工作条件
Table 1. Working parameters of FAAS instrument
工作参数 Cu Ag 波长/nm 324.8 328.1 灯电流/mA 2.0 2.0 狭缝宽度/nm 0.2 0.2 燃烧器高度/mm 7.1 7.1 空气流量/(L·min-1) 5.5 5.5 乙炔流量/(L·min-1) 1.0 1.0 表 2 样品不同预处理方法试验结果
Table 2. Analytical results of Cu and Ag with different pretreatment methods
样品预处理方法 w(Cu)/% w(Ag)/(μg·g-1) 测定值 参考值 测定值 参考值 盐酸+王水 5.10 - 9789 - 盐酸+氟化氢铵+王水 5.14 5.12 9860 9935 盐酸+硝酸+高氯酸+王水 5.12 5.12 9825 9935 盐酸+硝酸+高氯酸+氢氟酸+王水 5.13 - 9910 - 表 3 样品分析结果对照
Table 3. Analytical results of Cu and Ag in sample with different methods
样品编号 w(Cu)/% w(Ag)/(μg·g-1) 外检 本法 外检 本法 样品1 2.10 2.13 3046 3051 样品2 2.59 2.55 4130 4050 样品3 3.31 3.21 5362 5320 样品4 3.84 3.90 6123 6241 样品5 4.43 4.38 7185 7137 样品6 5.06 5.10 8217 8370 样品7 5.33 5.24 9178 9148 样品8 5.56 5.54 9815 9825 样品9 6.10 6.13 10055 9978 样品10 6.38 6.27 11538 11725 样品11 6.51 6.60 12056 11915 表 4 方法精密度
Table 4. Precision tests of the method
样品编号 w(Cu)/% RSD/% w(Ag)/(μg·g-1) RSD/% 本法分次测定值 平均值 本法分次测定值 平均值 样品1 2.16 2.14 2.09 2.11 2.07 2.19 2.13 2.11 3049 3075 3025 3060 3066 3037 3052 0.61 样品5 4.45 4.44 4.34 4.36 4.35 4.33 4.38 1.20 7070 7107 7085 7204 7226 7123 7136 0.90 样品8 5.60 5.65 5.47 5.50 5.53 5.51 5.54 1.26 9603 9895 9920 9685 9795 9955 9825 1.18 样品9 6.24 6.22 6.20 5.99 6.08 6.19 6.13 1.96 9925 9940 10004 9995 10110 9897 9978 0.76 表 5 方法回收率
Table 5. Recovery tests of the method
样品编号 元素 m/mg 回收率/% 原含量 加标量 测定量 回收量 样品1 Cu 2.10 2.0 4.03 1.93 96.5 Ag 0.3046 0.3 0.5965 0.2919 97.3 样品2 Cu 2.59 3.0 5.698 3.108 103.6 Ag 0.4130 0.5 0.9182 0.5052 101.0 样品3 Cu 3.31 2.0 5.45 2.14 107.0 Ag 0.5362 0.4 0.955 0.4188 104.7 -
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