Evaluation on Delineation Methods for Ion-adsorption Type Rare Earth Ore Body
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摘要: 离子吸附型稀土矿是我国特有的珍贵资源。稀土总量(TREO)与稀土浸取量(SREO)是评价这类矿产资源规模与可利用价值的重要指标，但是四十多年来勘查评价方法一直以总量圈矿、以配分定性，与其采矿工艺和当前稀土价值不符。本文在矿区勘查实践的基础上，通过分析大量系统的样品测试结果，结合近五年稀土价格推算的浸取量和单元素圈矿指标，开展了稀土总量、稀土浸取量和稀土单元素三种圈矿方法对比研究。结果表明，同一对比区内，用稀土总量≥0.05%圈出的矿体与稀土浸取量≥0.03%圈出的矿体，后者的矿体面积、矿体厚度及资源储量要明显大于前者，存在一些地段或部位总量圈定不是矿而浸取量圈定是矿，一些地段或部位总量圈定是矿而浸取量圈定不是矿的现象。稀土单元素圈矿能够直观地反映稀土的主要组分及分布状况，有利于体现单一稀土矿床的经济价值，较稀土总量圈矿和稀土浸取量圈矿更加精细、更加合理，是值得深入研究的一种科学评价方法；但也可能出现因一些元素含量偏低而难以单独圈矿的现象，从而造成资源流失。本文提出，在勘查评价风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床时，为保障资源的充分利用，在稀土单元素圈矿的基础上，还应注重综合评价。Abstract: Ion-adsorption type rare earth ore is unique and a valuable resource in China. Total rare earth oxides (SREO) and leaching quantities of rare earth oxides (SREO) are important indices of evaluation of the scope and value of rare earth resources. For forty years however, the exploration evaluation method for this kind of deposit has been delineated according to the total amount, and quantified by rare earth composition, at odds with the current mining technology and the current value of rare earth elements. In this paper, comparative studies in three methods for ore body delineation (TREO, SREO, and single element) are described, based on the practice of mineral exploration, results of systematic samples test and indices of ore body delineation by SREO and single element according to the rare earth prices of the last five years. The results showed that the areas and thickness of ore body and resources reserves delineated by SREO (≥0.03%) are significantly greater than ore body delineated by TREO (≥0.05%) in the same area. There are some areas or parts which are not mined by the total index, but by the leaching ore quantity index, while there are other areas or parts which are mined by the total index but not by the leaching quantity index. Ore body delineated by single rare earth element oxides, which can intuitively reflect the major component and distribution of a rare earth ore, is beneficial to embody the economic value of the single rare earth deposit. Compared to the methods of ore body delineation with TREO and SREO, the method for ore body delineated by single rare earth is more careful, reasonable, and worth further study. However, the misnomer that some element content is too low to separate from the ore body may also emerge, and lead to the loss of resources therefore, it is important to strengthen the comprehensive evaluation for ion-adsorption type rare earth ore body delineation.
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表 1 稀土矿床单元素组分评价指标
Table 1. The single element evaluation index for ion-adsorption type rare earth ore
组分 La2O3 CeO2 Pr6O11 Nd2O3 Sm2O3 Eu2O3 Gd2O3 Tb4O7 Dy2O3 Ho2O3 Er2O3 Tm2O3 Yb2O3 Lu2O3 Y2O3 Sc2O3 质量分数/% 0.05 0.05 - - 0.05 - 0.015 - - - - - - - 0.015 - 质量分数/10-6 - - 50 50 - 5 - 5 10 30 50 10 50 5 - 10 
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表 2 稀土总量与浸取量矿体圈定资源量估算结果对比
Table 2. Estimation results of total rare earth and leaching quantity delineation of ore bodies
圈矿指标 矿体面积/m2 矿体厚度>/m 矿石量kt 资源量/t 平均品位/% TREO SREO TREO SREO 稀土总量≥0.05% 3761160 3.39 21996.4 19386 13351 0.087 0.060 稀土浸取量≥0.03% 4005413 4.04 27692.4 22025 15206 0.078 0.054 相对误差/% 6.49 19.17 25.90 13.61 13.89 10.34 10.00 注:“kt”为千吨。
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