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摘要: 当前我国没有钛铁矿化学成分标准物质,只有与其相似的钒钛磁铁矿石标准物质,国外钛铁矿标准样品主要是钛铁矿精矿,不能有效地进行分析质量控制,因此迫切急需研制钛铁矿化学成分标准物质。本文研制了5个钛铁矿化学成分标准物质。样品采自山东省莒县棋山钛铁矿矿区、山东省沂水常庄钛铁矿矿区和河北省承德黑山钛铁矿矿区,采用流化床对撞式气流粉碎磨将样品细碎至粒度小于50 μm,混合均匀后进行均匀性和稳定性检验,代表性元素的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱分析结果表明方差检验的F值小于临界值,样品均匀性良好;所检验的元素经18个月6次分析,均未发现统计学意义的明显变化,样品的短期和长期稳定性良好;烘样温度(20~60℃)对亚铁(FeO)的稳定性并无影响,亚铁不会发生氧化。选择11家具有资质的实验室,采取经典分析方法与现代仪器分析技术相结合的方式,选用两种以上不同原理的准确度高的可靠方法对该标准物质联合定值,依照JJF 1343—2012和一级标准物质技术规范,5个钛铁矿化学成分标准物质给出了46项组分(包括主量、痕量和全部稀土元素)的认定值和不确定度,TiO2的含量范围为2.97%~19.76%,TFe的含量范围为18.88%~51.30%,基本涵盖了我国钛铁矿成矿类型,能够满足钛铁矿勘查、评价和开发的需求。Abstract: At present, there are no ilmenite chemical composition certified reference materials, the closest being of vanadium-titanium magnetite ore composition. Internationally, ilmenite standards consist mainly of ilmenite concentrate, which is unsuitable for effective quality control. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop ilmenite chemical composition reference materials. Five certified chemical composition reference materials of ilmenite were prepared by first collecting samples from Ju County and Yishui Changzhuang ilmenite mines in Shandong Province, and Chengde Montenegro ilmenite mine in Hebei Province. The samples were ground to a particle size of less than 50 μm by using an advanced jet mill, and then loaded in a coulter-mixing machine for thorough mixing. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) were conducted for homogeneity and stability testing. For the homogeneity test, the variance test F value was less than the threshold, indicating a good homogeneity. After 18 months, six analysis results showed that no significant statistical changes were found in the elements and components. The results demonstrate that the samples have high uniformity and stability which meets the requirements for standard reference materials. Drying temperature (20-60℃) has no effect on the stability of FeO based on a ferrous experiment. According to JJF 1343—2012 and standard material specifications, 11 qualified laboratories were selected to give certified values and uncertainties of 46 elements, including major, trace and rare earth elements, by using the combination of classical methods and modern instrumental technologies. More than two kinds of methods with different principles were applied to yield accurate values. The content range of TiO2 was 2.97%-19.76%, and the content range of TFe was 18.88%-51.30%, which covered many variations of ilmenite ores in China. These reference materials meet the requirements of ilmenite exploration, evaluation and development demand.
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Key words:
- ilmenite /
- certified reference materials /
- uniformity /
- stability /
- certified values /
- uncertainty
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表 1 采集的钛铁矿候选物基本特征
Table 1. Basic characteristics of collected ilmenite candidates
样品编号 样品类型 w/% 样品质量m/kg TiO2 TFe TTK-1 原矿 8.96 19.23 120 TTK-2 原矿 2.97 18.88 120 TTK-3 原矿 12.90 51.30 120 TTK-4 钛铁精矿 19.76 37.81 120 TTK-5 钛铁精矿 16.09 27.10 120 表 2 均匀性检验结果
Table 2. The analytical results of homogeneity test
样品编号 项目 w/% w/(μg·g-1) Al2O3 CaO MgO MnO TFe TiO2 Ba Ce Co La Sr Th V Zn Zr TTK-1 平均值 5.22 13.76 8.77 0.32 19.21 8.94 64.1 67.6 91.1 27.7 333 2.11 687 262 270 RSD/% 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.9 3.4 1.7 0.9 2.1 1.1 0.9 3.0 F 1.36 0.86 1.20 1.54 1.13 1.31 1.47 0.80 0.99 0.90 1.63 0.73 1.35 1.63 1.09 TTK-2 平均值 4.22 3.86 19.29 0.28 19.03 2.94 15.1 14.1 108 3.82 60.6 2.51 307 391 139 RSD/% 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.1 2.5 3.1 1.8 2.5 1.0 2.5 1.2 1.2 4.3 F 1.02 0.82 1.62 0.91 1.27 1.41 0.91 1.01 0.79 0.75 0.90 1.10 1.16 0.88 0.99 TTK-3 平均值 6.66 0.95 3.00 0.24 51.38 13.01 37.7 3.56 235 1.40 47.1 0.06 3241 507 15.9 RSD/% 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 3.9 4.2 2.0 3.4 1.3 4.5 1.3 1.1 3.8 F 0.80 1.19 1.01 1.55 0.76 1.07 0.83 1.24 0.95 0.72 1.16 1.10 1.36 1.39 0.81 TTK-4 平均值 2.21 6.75 2.86 0.61 37.92 19.98 58.3 86.6 56.8 31.8 316 2.42 1330 165 248 RSD/% 1.8 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.0 2.3 1.2 2.2 4.0 F 0.83 1.59 1.40 1.40 1.18 1.14 1.48 1.19 1.38 1.48 1.34 1.30 0.91 1.31 1.00 TTK-5 平均值 3.62 10.37 5.78 0.52 27.10 16.14 59.5 86.2 71.0 35.0 354 2.21 924 206 257 RSD/% 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.4 4.5 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.5 2.3 1.3 2.6 2.4 F 1.07 0.75 1.05 0.90 0.58 0.79 1.56 1.31 1.60 1.04 1.07 1.50 0.91 0.85 1.08 表 3 烘样温度对FeO稳定性的影响
Table 3. Effect of baking temperature on the stability of FeO
样品编号 w(FeO)/% 室温 40℃ 60℃ 80℃ 105℃ TTK-3 30.05 30.14 30.07 30.03 30.18 TTK-4 25.09 25.21 25.18 25.16 25.18 表 4 钛铁矿定值分析方法
Table 4. Analytical methods of elements in ilmenite
定值元素 分析方法 定值元素 分析方法 SiO2 GR,VOL Pb ICP-MS,ICP-AES Al2O3 VOL,ICP-AES,COL,XRF,NAA V COL,VOL,ICP-AES,ICP-MS,NAA Fe2O3 VOL,ICP-AES,NAA Sr ICP-MS,ICP-AES,XRF FeO VOL,COL Th ICP-MS,NAA K2O ICP-AES,NAA,AAS U ICP-MS,NAA Na2O ICP-AES,NAA,AAS Rb ICP-MS CaO VOL,ICP-AES,AAS Zn ICP-MS,ICP-AES,AAS,NAA MgO VOL,ICP-AES,AAS Zr ICP-MS P2O5 COL,ICP-AES Y ICP-MS MnO ICP-AES,NAA,AAS,COL La ICP-MS,NAA TiO2 COL,VOL,ICP-AES,XRF,NAA Ce ICP-MS,NAA CO2 VOL Pr ICP-MS S VOL Nd ICP-MS,NAA As AFS,ICP-MS,NAA Sm ICP-MS,NAA Ba ICP-AES,ICP-MS Eu ICP-MS,NAA Cd ICP-MS,GAAS Gd ICP-MS Co ICP-MS,ICP-AES,AAS,NAA Tb ICP-MS,NAA Cr ICP-AES,COL,ICP-MS,AAS,NAA,XRF Dy ICP-MS Cu ICP-AES,ICP-MS,AAS Ho ICP-MS Ga ICP-MS,NAA Er ICP-MS Li ICP-MS Tm ICP-MS Nb ICP-MS,XRF, Yb ICP-MS,NAA Ni ICP-AES,ICP-MS,AAS,NAA Lu ICP-MS GR—重量法;VOL—容量法;ICP-AES—电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法;COL—比色法; XRF—X射线荧光光谱法;NAA—中子活化分析;AAS—火焰原子吸收光谱法; AFS—原子荧光光谱法;ICP-MS—电感耦合等离子体质谱法;GAAS—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。 表 5 钛铁矿标准物质认定值与不确定度
Table 5. Standard value and uncertainty of ilmenite standard materials
元素 w/% TTK-1 TTK-2 TTK-3 TTK-4 TTK-5 Al2O3 5.19±0.22 4.23±0.08 6.73±0.16 2.21±0.08 3.68±0.14 CaO 13.86±0.0.68 3.86±0.28 0.98±0.18 6.69±0.42 10.32±0.60 CO2 0.50±0.04 0.15±0.04 1.24±0.10 0.15±0.02 0.32±0.04 FeO 15.60±0.72 11.17±0.42 29.65±0.42 24.88±0.22 20.53±0.44 K2O 0.23±0.02 0.021±0.002 0.030±0.002 0.17±0.02 0.21±0.02 MgO 8.79±0.60 19.40±1.14 3.05±0.14 2.88±0.12 5.78±0.28 MnO 0.32±0.01 0.28±0.01 0.24±0.01 0.62±0.02 0.53±0.01 Na2O 0.54±0.02 0.12±0.02 0.063±0.006 0.39±0.02 0.49±0.02 P 0.22±0.02 0.089±0.002 0.043±0.004 0.25±0.02 0.26±0.02 S 0.25±0.02 0.012±0.002 0.28±0.02 0.053±0.002 0.15±0.02 SiO2 33.46±0.16 37.85±0.22 2.57±0.10 14.22±0.06 24.02±0.14 TFe 19.23±0.50 18.88±0.48 51.36±0.94 37.87±1.12 27.10±1.42 TiO2 8.96± 0.16 2.95±0.22 12.91±0.42 19.83±0.88 16.13±0.46 元素 w/(μg·g-1) TTK-1 TTK-2 TTK-3 TTK-4 TTK-5 As 0.61±0.08 2.16±0.12 1.90±0.14 0.52±0.06 0.54±0.04 Ba 71.0±3.2 15.0±1.0 38.5±2.2 58.1±2.4 63.3±3.2 Cd 0.072±0.006 0.33±0.02 0.050±0.011 0.063±0.006 0.075±0.006 Co 84.4±6.4 104±14 236±38 55.5±9.0 68.1±10.6 Cr 47.4±2.6 916±20 4199±132 82.1±6.0 58.2±3.4 Cu 70.1±3.0 212±10 170±8 40.5±2.4 49.6±3.6 Ga 30.3±0.8 17.9±1.0 55.4±1.8 31.8±1.2 29.0±1.0 Li 12.7±0.8 1.68±0.14 0.95±0.10 4.89±0.34 8.60±0.40 Nb 30.0±1.8 14.5±1.2 4.25±0.46 49.1±2.4 44.2±1.8 Ni 91.2±5.0 700±26 611±24 52.6±2.4 68.9±3.0 Pb 6.85±0.40 371±16 7.58±0.60 6.70±0.86 6.72±0.38 Rb 7.28±0.48 0.65±0.12 0.35±0.04 4.92±0.28 6.38±0.60 Sr 334±44 53.5±9.6 47.0±8.6 308±36 340±42 Th 2.06±0.18 2.50±0.14 0.10±0.02 2.30±0.16 2.27±0.16 U 0.61±0.08 0.67±0.08 0.029±0.006 0.63±0.06 0.64±0.06 V 681±62 303±30 3326±210 1326±74 902±70 Zn 267±9 392±6 493±8 162±8 212±9 Zr 274±14 147±8 16.8±1.8 240±6 266±6 Y 21.5±0.6 12.3±0.4 1.52±0.16 22.8±0.6 23.3±0.6 La 28.2±3.0 3.71±0.48 1.36±0.22 32.6±2.4 32.8±3.0 Ce 72.1±7.6 12.9±1.4 3.39±0.64 87.8±8.2 85.2±8.0 Pr 11.1±0.6 2.60±0.12 0.46±0.02 13.7±0.8 13.3±0.6 Nd 54.6±1.8 14.8±0.8 2.26±0.12 66.3±3.0 64.3±2.6 Sm 12.5±0.6 4.51±0.28 0.44±0.04 14.4±0.8 14.4±1.0 Eu 3.65±0.12 1.01±0.08 0.17±0.02 4.14±0.26 4.10±0.30 Gd 9.91±0.92 3.75±0.512 0.42±0.04 11.2±1.2 11.4±1.0 Tb 1.43±0.10 0.62±0.06 0.056±0.006 1.56±0.06 1.62±0.08 Dy 6.49±0.16 3.26±0.10 0.28±0.02 7.05±0.18 7.14±0.12 Ho 0.97±0.04 0.53±0.04 0.051±0.004 1.04±0.04 1.07±0.04 Er 2.18±0.10 1.22±0.06 0.14±0.02 2.28±0.12 2.32±0.08 Tm 0.24±0.02 0.16±0.02 0.022±0.004 0.26±0.02 0.28±0.04 Yb 1.28±0.10 0.85±0.08 0.12±0.02 1.32±0.10 1.37±0.10 Lu 0.16±0.02 0.11±0.02 0.019±0.004 0.16±0.02 0.17±0.02 表 6 已知钒钛磁铁矿标准物质GBW 07224和GBW 07226的比对结果
Table 6. Comparison of analytical results of known vanadium-titanium magnetite standard materials GBW 07224 and GBW 07226
元素 GBW 07224 GBW 07226 测定值(%) 标准值(%) 标准偏差s 测定值(%) 标准值(%) 标准偏差s Al2O3 8.24 8.26 0.03 5.13 5.11 0.02 CaO 6.37 6.38 0.1 1.52 1.48 0.09 MgO 6.29 6.26 0.08 3.41 3.49 0.09 MnO 0.29 0.29 0.004 0.33 0.34 0.004 P 0.01 0.01 0.0006 - - - S 0.69 0.69 0.008 0.57 0.57 0.007 SiO2 20.27 20.33 0.13 5.56 5.55 0.04 TFe 32.97 32.97 0.11 50.69 50.81 0.15 TiO2 10.66 10.63 0.08 12.36 12.34 0.08 元素 GBW 07224 GBW 07226 测定值(μg/g) 标准值(μg/g) 标准偏差s 测定值(μg/g) 标准值(μg/g) 标准偏差s Co 181 180 10 203 200 10 Cr 68 67 4 249 240 10 Cu 197 200 10 204 210 20 Ga 33.4 32 3 44 42 3 Ni 90.8 94 3 132 140 10 V 1759 1753 50 3133 3126 50 表 7 已知钒钛磁铁矿标准物质GBW 07105和GBW 07112的比对结果
Table 7. Comparison of analytical results of known vanadium-titanium magnetite standard materials GBW 07105 and GBW 07112
元素 GBW 07105 GBW 07112 测定值(%) 标准值(%) 标准偏差s 测定值(%) 标准值(%) 标准偏差s Al2O3 13.87 13.83 0.13 14.19 14.14 0.3 CaO 8.80 8.81 8.81 9.89 9.86 0.22 CO2 0.16 0.19 - 0.11 0.12 0.08 FeO 7.56 7.6 0.13 13.38 13.36 0.53 K2O 2.34 2.32 0.06 0.15 0.15 0.02 MgO 7.76 7.77 0.17 5.29 5.25 0.13 MnO 0.17 0.17 0.06 0.19 0.19 0.014 Na2O 3.37 3.38 0.05 2.16 2.11 0.05 P 0.42 0.41 0.012 0.01 0.01 0.004 TFe 9.36 9.37 0.19 17.30 17.31 0.63 TiO2 2.37 2.36 0.4 7.81 7.69 0.2 元素 GBW 07105 GBW 07112 测定值(μg/g) 标准值(μg/g) 标准偏差s 测定值(μg/g) 标准值(μg/g) 标准偏差s As 0.68 0.7 - 0.21 0.21 0.19 Ba 532 526 26 82.6 86.2 9.2 Cd 0.066 0.067 0.016 0.095 0.09 0.04 Co 46.7 46.5 3.4 92.3 93 5.2 Cr 134 134 11 14.5 14.5 4.7 Cu 46.6 48.6 3 31.8 28.3 2 Ga 25.1 24.8 0.9 23.5 23.7 3.6 Li 10 9.5 0.9 1.69 1.94 0.45 Nb 71.9 68 8 9.24 9.3 4.3 Ni 130 140 7 71.8 69 10 Pb 6.44 7 - 3.31 5.16 - Rb 38.2 37 4 3.44 4.7 0.25 Sr 1122 1100 35 622 612 61 Th 5.97 6 0.8 0.24 0.28 - U 1.45 1.4 0.3 0.11 0.09 - V 171 167 11 755 768 42 Zn 156 150 10 127 118 11 Zr 281 277 20 25.5 29 16 Y 21.1 22 4 4.97 4.9 1.3 La 54.7 56 5 1.72 1.71 0.35 Ce 105 105 8 4.38 4.2 1.1 Pr 13 13.2 1.3 0.8 0.84 0.25 Nd 54 54 4 4.22 4.1 0.79 Sm 10.4 10.2 0.5 1.32 1.22 0.11 Eu 3.33 3.2 0.2 0.79 0.74 0.07 Gd 8.54 8.5 0.6 1.34 1.31 0.58 Tb 1.21 1.2 0.2 0.22 0.2 0.07 Dy 5.73 5.6 0.3 1.24 1.11 0.32 Ho 0.9 0.88 0.04 0.22 0.2 0.02 Er 2.09 2 0.2 0.54 0.47 0.06 Tm 0.28 0.28 0.04 0.076 0.09 0.04 Yb 1.36 1.5 0.4 0.41 0.36 0.08 Lu 0.17 0.19 0.05 0.057 0.06 0.04 -
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