珊瑚化石的组成及显微结构分析

范磊; 邱家军; 宋鹏; 王纯阳; 罗利嘉; 周超; 张文华

珊瑚化石的组成及显微结构分析

1.
中国矿业大学(北京)材料科学与工程系, 北京 100083

2.
首都航天机械公司, 北京 100076

基金项目: 中国矿业大学（北京）国家级大学生创新训练计划资助

详细信息

作者简介: 范磊, 工程师, 材料科学与工程专业. E-mail: fanlei@cumtb.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q959.133

收稿日期: 2013-07-24

录用日期: 2014-02-10

刊出日期: 2014-03-25

Analysis of the Composition and Microstructure of Coral Fossil

1.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China

2.
Capital Spaceflight Machinery Company, Beijing 100076, China

Received Date: 24 July 2013

Accepted Date: 10 February 2014

Publish Date: 25 March 2014

摘要

摘要:
珊瑚化石是珊瑚在地下长期埋藏经过各种地质作用所形成的化石，目前对珊瑚化石的研究主要集中在地质学和生物进化方面，对珊瑚化石的组成和显微结构研究较少。本文对产于陕西省的珊瑚化石采用X射线衍射分析、差热分析、热重分析以及扫描电镜等方法进行分析，研究珊瑚化石的组成、含量以及其显微结构特点。结果表明：这类开采于陕西省的珊瑚化石主要成分是碳酸钙（CaCO₃），平均含量高达98.6%；珊瑚化石在700℃左右发生相变，在相变过程中其质量急剧下降，即CaCO₃分解为CaO和CO₂；内部结构存在着大量的1~5 μm孔隙；断口形貌具有类似解理断裂的特点，存在相应的“"河流状花样"”。本文提出，在珊瑚玉石储藏及加工时要尽量避开酸性物质，避免使其经受高温，最高不要超过650℃，同时加工琢磨刻面过程中要避开解理面，或使刻面与解理面呈一定角度。
- 珊瑚化石 /
- 物相组成 /
- 碳酸钙 /
- 解理断裂
Abstract:
Coral fossil is formed by various geological effects while buried under the ground for a long time. Current research on coral fossils is focused mainly on the geological and biological evolution of the coral fossils, but less on their components and microstructure. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TG) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and other methods were conducted to determine composition, content and microstructure characteristics of coral fossil samples collected from Shanxi province. The results show that the coral fossils from Shanxi province are composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and the average content is as high as 98.6%. Phase transition of coral fossils occurred at 700℃ with a sharp decline in the mass, namely the CaCO₃ decomposed to CaO and CO₂. The internal structure of Coral fossils showed a large number of pores whose size is 1-5 μm. Fracture morphology is the same as cleavage fracture, corresponding with 'river pattern'. Coral fossil storage and processing methods to avoid acidic substances and high temperature are described. The highest temperature is 650℃. It is important to avoid a cleavage plane or make an angle between a facet and cleavage plane during processing.
- coral fossils /
- phase composition /
- calcium carbonate /
- cleavage fracture

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图 1 珊瑚化石

Figure 1.

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图 2 抛光后的珊瑚化石

Figure 2.

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图 3 珊瑚化石XRD图谱

Figure 3.

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图 4 珊瑚化石DTA/TG曲线

Figure 4.

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图 5 珊瑚化石抛光显微组织

Figure 5.

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图 6 珊瑚化石断口显微组织形貌

Figure 6.

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表 1 珊瑚化石TG分析数据

Table 1. TG analytical data of coral fossil

样品编号	样品原质量 (mg)	样品试验后质量 (mg)
S-1	27.42	15.61
S-2	28.10	15.75
S-3	33.27	18.92

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珊瑚化石的组成及显微结构分析

1. 中国矿业大学(北京)材料科学与工程系, 北京 100083 2. 首都航天机械公司, 北京 100076

作者简介: 范磊, 工程师, 材料科学与工程专业. E-mail: fanlei@cumtb.edu.cn

Analysis of the Composition and Microstructure of Coral Fossil

1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China 2. Capital Spaceflight Machinery Company, Beijing 100076, China

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1.
中国矿业大学(北京)材料科学与工程系, 北京 100083

2.
首都航天机械公司, 北京 100076

1.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China

2.
Capital Spaceflight Machinery Company, Beijing 100076, China