摘要:
基于山东省济阳县土壤地球化学调查数据,发现济阳县城北部农田区有As、Bi、Cd、Cu、F、Ni、Sb、Hg、Zn等重金属为主的元素异常,各元素异常套合较好,异常衬度相差较大,呈弱富集状态。异常查证结果表明,重金属元素含量与SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3等常量组分之间具有显著的相关性,随SiO2含量的增加而降低,随Al2O3、Fe2O3含量的增加而增加,说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素,而人类活动的后期叠加作用是异常形成的次要因素。在异常区所抽检的小麦、黄瓜样品中,Hg、F等元素有不同程度超标现象,说明异常区土壤中有毒、有害元素已对农产品质量产生影响,应引起重视。科学合理施肥,加强各类污染源的控制,继续保持土壤碱性环境,是防止异常区危害人类健康的有效措施。
关键词:
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土壤
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元素异常
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土壤质地
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济阳县
Abstract:
Based on the data from the soil geochemical survey, heavy metal anomaly, such as As, Bi, Cd, Cu, F, Ni, Sb, Hg, and Zn, were found in farmland soils in the north of Jiyang County. The heavy metal anomaly exhibited the features of bigger anomalous contrast and lower concentration coefficients. The anomaly verification results indicated that the anomalous heavy metal element contents have remarkable correlation with major elements of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, showing the negative correlation with SiO2 and positive correlation with Al2O3 and Fe2O3. The phenomenon indicated that the major components of soil and soil texture were the main factors causing anomalies, and the human activity was the secondary ones. The wheat and cucumber samples from the anomaly area were contaminated by Hg and F in different levels, which indicated that toxic elements had influenced the farm product quality and the attention should be paid. The author considered that scientific and adequate fertilization, strengthening the control of various pollution sources, continuing to maintain the soil alkalinity environment were the effective measures for preventing human health from the heavy metal pollution harms in heavy metal anomaly area.
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