摘要:
沉积物中有机质及相关元素含量、重金属含量等是研究环境污染和古环境的依据。利用近红外漫反射光谱测定沉积物中的化学成分,方法简便、快捷、价廉。本文概述了近红外漫反射光谱测定沉积物中化学成分的基本流程、样品制备及建模方法, 介绍了如何通过选择建模样品、利用光谱预处理及回归分析等方法提高近红外光谱模型的定量能力,综述了近红外漫反射光谱分析沉积物中的有机碳、总氮、总磷、生物硅、重金属含量等方法。但是利用近红外光谱分析沉积物中的化学成分研究起步较晚,仍存在很多问题,有必要深入探讨近红外光谱分析沉积物的化学成分时产生误差的机理,进一步开展建模样品的计算机选择方法、光谱预处理方法和数学模型优化等方面的研究,提高近红外漫反射光谱分析沉积物中化学成分的精密度和准确度。
Abstract:
The contents of organic matter, related elements and heavy metals in sediments are the basis for the study of paleoenvironment and ecological environment evaluation. The near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflection spectroscopy technique is a simple, rapid, and low cost method to determine the components in sediments. In this article we overview the standard procedure for sampling, the method of sample preparation and mathematical modelling for the chemical composition analysis in sediments. Furthermore, we introduce the selection of modelling, spectrum pretreatment and regression analysis to improve the accuracy of the quantitative analysis for a near-infrared spectrum model. The NIR diffuse reflection technique has been advocated to measure the contents of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, biogenic silica, heavy metals etc. However, there is still plenty of work to be done since the application in sediments is not well established. At present, further study need to be carried out for the mechanism of measuring error in sediments. Properly chosen sample collection after suitable spectrum-pretreatment with optimization of mathematical models should improve the precision and accuracy of measurements.
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