摘要:
汞具有生物富集性和剧毒性,对人体健康和环境产生严重的危害和影响,因此开发准确测定样品中微量汞的方法具有重要的实际意义。原子光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、电化学分析法、分光光度法等测定Hg(Ⅱ)的传统方法,由于存在样品预处理过程复杂、仪器昂贵、分析周期长等问题,难以满足实际分析的需求,而比色法作为快速检测Hg(Ⅱ)的一种有效方法虽然得到了广泛的应用,但其灵敏度和选择性仍很难满足复杂基体中微量Hg(Ⅱ)的测定要求。纳米金银材料由于具有独特的表面等离子体共振效应,Hg(Ⅱ)可引起纳米金银溶液发生团聚或氧化还原反应导致溶液颜色发生改变,基于此近年来纳米金银材料在比色测定Hg(Ⅱ)中的应用受到了高度关注,所建立的新方法已成功用于实际样品中微量及痕量Hg(Ⅱ)的测定;但检测的样品主要是水样,用于测定其他的样品干扰较大。本文综述了近年来纳米金银比色检测Hg(Ⅱ)的原理及研究进展,指出建立简单、快速、高灵敏度、高选择性、可用于复杂样品体系中Hg(Ⅱ)的比色检测新方法是该领域今后的主要发展方向。
关键词:
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纳米金
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纳米银
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比色
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汞(Ⅱ)
Abstract:
It is very important to develop accurate methods for the determination of trace mercury due to its extremely hazardous and bioconcentration effect on human health and the environment. The conventional detection methods for Hg(Ⅱ), such as Atomic Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, Electrochemical Analysis and Spectrophotometry, require complex sample preparation, expensive instruments, and lengthy analysis, which cannot meet the needs of the actual analysis. The colorimetric method has been widely applied for detecting Hg(Ⅱ), but the sensitivity and selectivity are still difficult to measure trace Hg(Ⅱ) in a complex matrix. In recent years, nanomaterials of gold (Au) or silver (Ag) have attracted the attention of many researchers in the application of colorimetric detection for Hg(Ⅱ) because of their unique surface plasmon resonance, and many new methods have been successfully applied to detecting trace Hg(Ⅱ) in actual samples. The main colorimetric detection mechanism of Au/Ag nanomaterials is based on the fact that Hg(Ⅱ) could cause the aggregation/redispersion or the redox reaction, which induces a color change in the solution. This method has been applied successfully to water samples, however, large interferences exist for other kinds of samples. In this paper, the theory and research progress of Au and Ag nanomaterials in the colorimetric detection of Hg(Ⅱ) are reviewed. This is a new direction for establishing a simple, rapid, highly sensitive and highly selective colorimetric detection method for trace Hg(Ⅱ) measurements in complex samples in the future.
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