Abstract: This study collected surface soil samples from the study area to analyze the concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to explain the sources of heavy metals and metalloids in soils under different land-use types. The single index evaluation method and potential ecological hazard index method were used for geochemical assessment. Correlation analysis revealed that heavy metal and metalloid elements in the study area were influenced by multiple pollution sources. PCA results indicated that the primary sources of heavy metals in the soils of Pengzhou City include soil parent material and mining industrial activities, while in the study area within Mianzhu City, the sources included industrial and agricultural activities as well as atmospheric deposition. Combining with land-use types, it was found that agricultural activities, such as pesticide and fertilizer application in farmland areas, could lead to an increase in the concentrations of As and Hg in soil. Industrial activities in construction land areas might result in As and Ni concentrations exceeding the standard levels. The single-factor evaluation results showed that soil environmental quality in forest land areas was relatively good, while there may be increased soil quality risks in construction areas. The analysis of the potential ecological risk indices suggests a high ecological risk in construction land areas, whereas cultivated areas exhibited moderate ecological risks. In summary, different land-use types exert significant influences on soil heavy metal pollution and ecological risks.