Abstract: Theiobacillus ferrooxidans(T.f) plays an important role in the overall conservation and efficient use of mineral resources. There is a lot of research on the use of T.f bacteria to extract minerals with valuable metals, whereas there is a lack of systematic summary. Therefore, this paper introduces the physiological characteristics of T.f bacteria, the mechanism of immersion and the influencing factors of its immersion process. In addition, the direct and indirect mechanisms of T.f bacteria immersion are discussed, and the research status of the double oxidation system (iron oxidation system and sulfur oxidation system) and the role of Extracellular Polymeric Substances(EPS) produced by bacteria in the immersion process are discussed. Finally, the research progress of T.f bacteria in the extraction of various types of metal sulphides is expounded, and the direction of various kinds of applied research is still to be furthered, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the development direction of the efficient extraction and utilization of low-grade mineral resources in the future.