A comparative study on polymetallic metallogenic characteristics of Xiangshan and Lengshuikeng ore fields
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摘要: 江西相山矿田目前已经发现有20多个铀矿床,同时也发现有多金属矿化现象,但是对多金属找矿一直未取得重大进展,本文将相山矿田的多金属矿与研究程度较高的冷水坑铅锌银多金属矿田,从区域地质背景、地层、岩浆岩、矿体特征及围岩蚀变等方面进行对比分析,发现相山矿田与冷水坑矿田存在相似的地质条件及主量元素、稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征和矿体及蚀变特征,两者主要岩性均由白垩系鹅湖岭组与打鼓顶组的火山岩系列组成,表现为高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列,准铝质—弱过铝质特点,稀土元素配分曲线、微量元素蛛网图特点均表现明显右倾,属轻稀土富集型,低Ba、Sr类型,Eu明显亏损,指示物源主要为壳源,岩浆岩结晶分异程度较高,围岩蚀变均以绿泥石化、绢云母化、硅化、碳酸盐化为主。借鉴冷水坑的成矿模式,认为相山矿田下一步应围绕着小岩体寻找斑岩型多金属矿,在K1d1层位寻找层控叠生型多金属矿,将会取得多金属找矿的突破。Abstract: More than 20 uranium deposits and polymetallic mineralization have been discovered in the Xiangshan ore field at present. However, breakthroughs in polymetallic prospecting are yet to be made in the ore field.This paper compared the Xiangshan ore field with the Lengshuikeng lead-zircon-silver polymetallic ore field at a high exploration level in terms of regional geological setting, strata, magmatic rocks, ore body characteristics, and wall-rock alteration. Based on this, it is found that the Xiangshan and Lengshuikeng ore fields are similar in geological conditions, the geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) and trace elements, and the characteristics of ore bodies and alternation. Regarding lithology, both are mainly composed of volcanic rock series of the Cretaceous Ehuling and Daguding formations, which are present as high high-K calc-alkaline basalts and possess quasi-aluminous-weakly peraluminous characteristics. The REE-distribution patterns and trace element spider diagrams of the two ore fields are notably rightward, indicating the enrichment of light REEs, low content of Ba and Sr, and obvious Eu depletion. Therefore, the sediments in the two ore fields mainly originate from the crust. Meanwhile, the magmatic rocks feature a high crystallization differentiation degree, and the wall-rock alteration is dominated by chloritization, sericitization, silicification, and carbonation.By referring to the metallogenic model of the Lengshuikeng ore field, it is considered that the future polymetallic prospecting in the Xiangshan ore field should focus on the porphyry-type polymetallic ore in small rock masses and strata-bound, superimposed polymetallic ore at the K1d1 horizon. In this manner, breakthroughs are expected to be made in polymetallic prospecting in the Xiangshan ore field.
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