The spatial variations of elements and element associations in the primary geochemical halos:A case study of the Zhajiatongna gold deposit in Qinghai province
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摘要: 原生晕普遍存在于各种矿床尤其是热液矿床中,是深部找矿必不可少的地球化学标志。目前对于原生晕中元素的富集贫化及组分分带研究较多,而对于元素及组合元素的空间变化性关注较少。本文基于青海省扎家同哪金矿2 279个钻孔原生晕样品地球化学数据,拟使用元素富集系数计算和多元统计分析的方法,研究矿床不同空间位置的元素和元素组合的变化特征。结果显示,从围岩样品、矿化围岩样品、矿石样品和全体样品中都提取出了代表围岩组分和矿化组分的元素组合,反映了矿床形成过程的本质是矿化组分叠加于围岩组分。在矿石样品中,还提取出了中高温元素组合和中低温元素组合,而在矿化围岩样品中,提取出了高温成矿元素组合和中低温成矿元素组合,反映了矿质沉淀机制以及沉淀时间和空间的差异。研究揭示,在扎家同哪金矿原生晕中,从外围向矿化中心,从定量的角度,成矿相关元素总体上表现为富集程度递增及富集元素数量增多的趋势,而从定性的角度,表现为围岩—矿化元素组合叠加中高温—中低温和高温—中低温成矿元素组合。Abstract: The primary geochemical halos, which exist in nearly all types of deposits, especially in hydrothermal deposits, serve as an essential geochemical indicator for deep prospecting. Many studies have been presently carried out on the elemental enrichment/depletion and component zoning in primary geochemical halos. However, there is a lack of reports on the spatial variations of elements and associated elements. This study collected geochemical data from 2,279 samples of the boreholes in the Zhajiatongna gold deposit and then calculated the enrichment factors and conducted a multivariate analysis to characterize the spatial variations of elements and element associations of the deposit. The element associations representing the components of surrounding rocks and mineralized components were extracted from all samples including surrounding rock samples, mineralized surrounding rock samples, and ore samples. They reflect that the deposit was formed by the superposition of mineralized components on the components of surrounding rocks in essence. Moreover, high-medium- and medium-low-temperature element associations were extracted from the ore samples, and high- and medium-low-temperature metallogenic element associations were extracted from the mineralized surrounding rock samples, indicating mineral precipitation mechanisms and the differences in the precipitation time and space. As suggested by the results, the primary geochemical halos of the Zhajiatongna deposit show the following variations from the periphery to the mineralization center: the mineralization-related elements generally exhibit an increasing trend in terms of enrichment degree and the number of enriched element types quantitatively, and the high-medium-temperature-medium-low-temperature and high-temperature-medium-low-temperature metallogenic element associations are superimposed on the surrounding rocks - mineralized element associations.
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