Preliminary exploration into the monitoring technology for distributed weak electric field during hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction
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摘要: 页岩气水力压裂过程中,在远区开展人工源电磁场激励或在自身地电场的激励下,压裂液的注入、返排、滞留和吸收等过程将引起电场的改变,在压裂区上方通过监测微弱电场变化的方法可以反映压裂信息随时间的变化情况。为了满足压裂现场实时监测的需要,本文基于分布式微弱电场节点采集设备开展了监测技术初探。该监测系统仅采集水平正交的两路电场信号,监测一定范围内实时变化的电场信息,并将初步处理后的数据以无线的方式传回数据中心。测试结果表明,该监测系统工作性能稳定、待机时间10天以上、密封性能好、适用于复杂的野外环境,可为未来获取压裂液运移成像提供重要的技术支撑。Abstract: In the process of hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction, the injection, flowback, retention, and absorption of fracturing fluids will cause changes in electric fields in the case of the excitation by the electromagnetic field from an artificial source in a far area or the excitation by the geoelectric field. The time-dependent change in the information on fracturing can be reflected by monitoring the change in weak electric fields above the hydraulic fracturing area. To meet the needs of the real-time monitoring of the fracturing field, this study focuses on the preliminary study of the monitoring technology based on the nodal acquisition devices of distributed weak electric fields. The monitoring system only collects two horizontally orthogonal electric field signals, monitors the real-time information on the electric field within a certain range, and transmits the preliminarily processed data back to the data center in a wireless way. Test results show that the monitoring system has stable performance, a standby time of more than 10 days, and high sealing performance, and is applicable to complex field environments. Therefore, this monitoring system can provide important technical support for obtaining images of fracturing fluid migration in the future.
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