摘要:
永清县作为京津冀地区重要的无公害蔬菜生产基地,保障该区域食品安全具有重要意义。但由于缺乏对永清县土壤肥力状况系统而全面的评价工作,制约了绿色食品产业的可持续发展。本次研究系统采集了全县范围内耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤样品共338件,其中旱地155件、菜地84件、园地99件,分析测定有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾共4种土壤养分要素。结果表明,永清县耕作层土壤中有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾平均含量依次为5.29×10-3、0.78×10-3、41.8×10-6、197×10-6;土壤肥力方面总体表现为有机质、全氮缺乏,有效磷、速效钾较为丰富;依据国家农业行业标准《绿色食品产地环境质量》(NY/T 391—2021),对该县土壤的肥力状况进行分级评价,土地利用类型为旱地、菜地、园地的土壤,其有机质和全氮含量大多处于Ⅲ级水平,有效磷和速效钾含量均以Ⅰ级水平为主;养分含量在空间分布上存在明显差异,西南区域的龙虎庄乡、刘街乡、养马庄乡等乡镇的土壤养分含量普遍高于东北区域的曹家务乡、韩村镇、里澜城镇等乡镇。为了更好地发展绿色食品产业,永清县应按照土地利用类型和实际种植情况,并考虑土壤质地、自然地理等因素,因地制宜地进行科学、合理的培肥,如增施有机肥和氮肥以提高土壤有机质和全氮含量,对缺乏有效磷和速效钾的土壤增施磷肥、钾肥,对富集有效磷和速效钾的土壤,则应该控制磷肥和钾肥的施用量。
Abstract:
Yongqing County, as a pivotal pollution-free vegetable production base in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, has made significant contributions to ensuring the food safety of this region. However, there has been no systematic and comprehensive evaluation of Yongqing County's soil fertility, hindering the sustainable development of its green food industry. This study collected 338 soil samples from the arable layer (depth: 0~20 cm) throughout the county, including 155 from dry land, 84 from vegetable plots, and 99 from garden plots. Four soil nutrient elements including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were determined using these samples. The results show that: The average contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and rapidly available potassium in the soil samples from Yongqing County's arable layer were 5.29×10-3, 0.78×10-3, 41.8×10-6, and 197×10-6, respectively. The soil fertility generally exhibited deficient organic matter and total nitrogen and abundant available phosphorus and potassium. In addition, the soil fertility of Yongqing County was graded and evaluated according to China's agricultural standard Green food-Environmental quality for production area (NY/T 391—2021). For land-use types like dry land, vegetable and garden plots, their organic matter and total nitrogen contents were mostly at level Ⅲ, and available phosphorus and potassium contents were primarily at level Ⅰ. The soil nutrient contents differed significantly in spatial distributions. Specifically, Longhuzhuang, Liujie, and Yangmazhuang townships in the southwest generally had higher soil nutrient contents than Caojiawu Township, Hancun and Lilancheng towns in the northeast. To efficiently develop the green food industry, Yongqing County needs to apply fertilizers scientifically and properly according to land-use types and actual planting situations and considering the soil texture and natural geographical factors. The specific measures are as follows: increasing the organic matter and total nitrogen contents in the soil by applying more organic and nitrogen fertilizers; applying more phosphate and potassium fertilizers to soil lacking available phosphorus and potassium, otherwise, the application of such fertilizers should be controlled.
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