Cumulative effects of atmospheric dust fall on major environmental elements in soils and their evaluation: A case study of Gaomi City, Shandong Province, China
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摘要: 为研究山东省高密市大气降尘主要环境元素的污染分布特征, 探究其对表生环境中土壤的影响效应, 对高密市大气降尘进行了系统采集、测试, 取得了Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Se等9种环境元素测试数据, 计算其年沉降通量、年增量, 模拟了各元素达到限定值所需的最小年沉降通量, 并对污染水平进行了评价。结果表明, 大气降尘中各元素含量平均值均高于土壤背景值, 表现为不同程度的富集。年沉降通量Cu与Pb呈显著正相关, Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、Hg多呈现两两正相关, Se与其他元素相关性不显著, 相关性越强则同源性越高。大气降尘是土壤主要环境元素的一个输入端元, 其导致的表层土壤各元素年增速率为0.03% ～ 0.52%, 多年后Cd最接近土壤限定值。地累积指数评价显示, Ni、As、Cr为无污染至轻度污染, Se以重度污染为主, Cd、Zn为中度污染至重度污染, Hg、Cu、Pb以轻度污染至中度污染为主, 污染程度排序为Se> Cd> Zn> Hg> Cu> Pb> Ni> As> Cr。Abstract: This study aims to investigate the pollution distribution of major environmental elements of atmospheric dust fall in Gaomi City, Shandong Province, as well as its effects on soils in a supergene environment. Hence, this study systematically collected and tested the atmospheric dust fall from Gaomi City, obtaining the testing data of nine environmental elements, including Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, and Se. Furthermore, this study calculated the annual sediment fluxes and annual increments of these elements, simulated the minimum annual sediment fluxes for them to reach limit values, and evaluated their pollution levels. The results show that the average contents of various elements in atmospheric dust fall all exceeded their soil background values, exhibiting different degrees of enrichment. In terms of annual sediment fluxes, Cu was significantly positively correlated with Pb, while Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg were mostly positively correlated in pairs, and Se showed a non-significant correlation with other elements. A higher correlation suggests a higher homology. Atmospheric dust fall, serving as an input end member of major environmental elements in soils, resulted in annual growth rates of various elements in topsoils ranging from 0.03%~0.52%. Cd would be the closest to its soil limit value over a few years. As revealed by geoaccumulation index-based evaluation, Ni, As, and Cr exhibited non-pollution to slight pollution, Se primarily manifested heavy pollution, Cd and Zn displayed moderate to heavy pollution, and Hg, Cu, and Pb mainly showed slight to moderate pollution, corresponding to a pollution order of Se> Cd> Zn> Hg> Cu> Pb> Ni> As> Cr.
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