Definition, classification, and functions of underground research laboratories for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste and the scientific research plan of Beishan underground research laboratory
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摘要: 高放废物地质处置地下实验室是验证潜在处置库场址安全性和适宜性, 以及开发处置技术的关键设施, 其在潜在处置库的选址和系统设计、处置工程理论与技术研发、安全与特性评价、全尺度现场试验和现场示范等方面都起到了不可替代的作用。本文着重介绍了地下实验室的定义、分类和功能, 并对国内外已有的主要地下实验室进行了归类, 即地下实验室一般可分为普通地下实验室(第一代)和特定场址地下实验室(第二代)。随着我国处置库选址工作从全国筛选、区域筛选、地段筛选, 进入到场址筛选及评价、地下实验室建设阶段, 在总结国内外主要经验的基础上, 我们于2010年和2014年分别提出了“特定场址地下实验室”和“第三代地下实验室”的概念, 并建立了首座高放废物地质处置地下实验室“北山地下实验室”, 也是世界上第一座特定场区地下实验室。笔者对该实验室的选址历程、规划、定位和功能, 以及在建设过程中主要科研试验内容的功能和主要开展的现场试验进行了介绍, 为下一步的处置库的选址和研发提供指导意见。Abstract: Underground research laboratories (URLs) for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste serve as critical facilities for verifying the safety and suitability of the sites of potential disposal repositories and for developing disposal technologies. URLs are irreplaceable in many aspects such as the siting and system design of potential disposal repositories, the development of the theories and technologies for disposal engineering, the safety and characteristic assessments, full-scale field tests, and on-site demonstration. This study highlights the definition, classification, and functions of URLs and categorizes existing primary URLs both in China and abroad. URLs are generally categorized into general URLs (first generation) and site-specific URLs (second generation). The construction of disposal repositories in China has progressed from national, regional, and site screening to site evaluation and to URL construction. The authors of this study proposed the concepts of "site-specific URLs" and "third-generation URLs" in 2010 and 2014, respectively. Furthermore, the Beishan URL-the world's first site-specific URL for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste-has been built. This study introduces the siting process, planning, positioning, and functions of the Beishan URL, as well as the functions of primary scientific experiments and main field experiments conducted during its construction. The results of this study serve as a guide for future siting and R& D of disposal repositories.
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