摘要:
文章通过综述当前重庆温泉研究的相关文献,总结了前人在重庆温泉形成的地质背景、分布状况、类型、水化学特征及形成机制等方面的研究现状,并分析了重庆温泉研究和开发利用中存在的问题。重庆温泉中人工揭露较自然出露多,温度以中低温为主,泉口流量集中于10~50 L/s,色度、浊度小,水化学类型受围岩性质影响,以 SO 4-Ca 型为主。其形成过程为:大气降水在大巴山脉及川东褶皱带背斜顶端碳酸盐岩出露区域渗入地下深部,被地温加热后沿褶皱带背斜轴部向南移动,在河谷深切处或断裂构造处出露形成温泉。重庆温泉的开发利用存在环境污染、资源利用不合理、开发不力等问题,认为应当加强温泉形成机理、温泉资源评价与保护、温泉水系统数值模拟、温泉废水处理等方面的研究,以确保温泉水资源的可持续利用。
关键词:
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温泉
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地热
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水化学特征
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形成机制
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重庆
Abstract:
The relevant literatures on hot springs in Chongqing have been reviewed to summarize the current research situation of their geological background,distribution,types and geochemical characteristics and ana-lyze the existing problems arisen from the development and utilization of the hot springs.The numbers of hot springs which have been artificially exposed are more than those that are naturally occurred.The temper-ature of these hot springs mainly ranges from low to medium.The discharge rates vary in 10~50 L/s with low water chromaticity and turbidity.Affected by the properties of surrounding rock,the water types of hot springs are mainly SO 4 -Ca.Its genetic mechanism could be summarized as:1)at the anticline tip of the Da-ba Mountain and East Sichuan Fold Belt,rainwater infiltrates via the carbonate outcrops to reach the deep ground and gets heated by geotherm;and 2)the heated groundwater then migrates along the axis of the anti-cline towards the south and emerges as hot spring where the deep valley has been undercut or a fault is pres-ent.There have been some issues related to development of hot springs,such as environmental pollution,ir-rational use of resources,inefficiency of development,and so on.It is proposed that further research may be focused on the formation mechanism,numerical simulation of the geothermal system,evaluation and protec-tion of the hot spring resources,and the dispose of waste water to ensure the sustainable development of hot spring resources.
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