Heavy metal deposition and its impact on ecological environment in Sanduao Bay of Fujian Province during the past century under the influence of human activities
-
摘要:
因重金属难以被生物降解，易形成毒害环境因子，沉积物中的重金属污染演变是工业化以来全球共同面临的生态环境问题。为揭示福建三都澳地区人类活动与重金属沉积的关系，对采集自三都澳海域的6根岩心柱进行了系统的粒度分析、210Pb测年以及重金属元素测试。研究结果表明：（1）近百年来，三都澳海域沉积物重金属含量呈现显著增加趋势，顶部比底部增加1.01~2.8倍，并表现出3个明显演变阶段：1900-1950年，沉积物中的重金属含量相对稳定；1950-2000年，重金属含量开始缓慢增加；2000年以来，远岸区重金属含量急剧增加。这种变化趋势与人口、经济发展密切相关。（2）三都澳近岸区沉积物重金属含量总体大于远岸区，自2000年以来，近岸区和远岸区沉积物重金属含量的演变趋势呈现差异性，表现为近岸区重金属含量有所降低，远岸区重金属含量急剧升高，这种时空差异与沉积物粒度变化及地区产业分布有密切关系。（3）重金属对三都澳海洋生态环境影响较大，在湾内渔业养殖强度越来越高的背景之下，应对近期以来湾内重金属含量的快速升高给予足够重视，提高保护和修复治理力度，避免海洋生态破坏。
Abstract:Heavy metals are difficult to be biodegraded, meanwhile easy to form toxic environmental factors. The evolution of heavy metals pollution in sediments is a common global ecological environmental problem since industrialization. To reveal the relationship between human activities and heavy metals deposition in Sanduao Bay of Fujian Province, 6 sediment cores were collected in the Bay for grain size testing, 210Pb dating and assay of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Cd and Hg contents. The results show that over the past century, heavy metal contents in sediments of Sanduao Bay exhibit a significant increase trend. The top is 1.01-2.8 times higher than the bottom, and the evolution process can be divided into three stages, relatively stable period during 1900-1950s, slowly increasing during 1950-2000s, and sharply increasing since the 2000s. Those changes are closely related to population and economic development. The content of heavy metals in landward zone is generally higher than that in seaward zone, and the evolution trend of sediments in landward zone has been different from the sediments in seaward zone since 2000s. The heavy metals content of sediments in landward zone has decreased, while the heavy metals content of sediments in seaward zone has increased sharply in Sanduao Bay. This spatial difference is closely related to the change of grain size and regional industry distribution. Heavy metals have a great impact on the marine ecological environment of Sanduao Bay. As the increasing intensity of fish farming in the Bay, enough attention should be paid to the rapid increase of heavy metal contents in the Bay in recent years, so as to improve the management and remediation to avoid marine ecological damage.
-
-
表 1 宁德市近50年来人口、GDP和产业发展趋势
Table 1. Differences in heavy metals average contents(mg/kg)from cores in landward zone and cores in seaward zone
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 三都澳沉积物岩心重金属与中值粒径的相关性系数
Table 2. Correlation coefficient of the heavy metals contents in sediment cores and the median grain sizes from Sanduao Bay
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 三都澳沉积物岩心顶部重金属含量（mg/kg）质量等级
Table 3. The quality grade of the heavy metals contents(mg/kg)at the top of sediment cores in Sanduao Bay
下载: 导出CSV
-
Appleby P G, Oldfield F. 1978. The calculation of lead-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported 210Pb to the sediment[J]. Catena, 5(1): 1-8. doi: 10.1016/S0341-8162(78)80002-2
Chai Sheli, Gao Lina, Qiu Dianming, Chai Yuan, Guo Jia, Xu Xuechun. 2013. 210Pb and 137Cs dating of the sediment core and its recent accumulation rates in Yueliang Lake in West Jilin Province[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 43(1): 134-141(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_journal-jilin-university-earth-science-edition_thesis/0201247967404.html
Chen Jingsheng, Wang Feiyue, Chen Jianglin. 1994. Relation of aquatic particulate grain size to heavy metals concentrations in Eastern Chinese Rivers[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 14(4): 419-425(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/qk/91840X/199404/1385370.html
Chen Shiyue, Wang Sumin, Chen Yingying, Zhang Enlou, Chen Yongjin, Zhu Yuxin. 2009. Vertical distribution and chronological implication of 210Pb and 137Cs in sediments of dongping lake, Shandong Province[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 29(5): 981-987(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.dsjyj.com.cn/EN/abstract/abstract8464.shtml
De Groot A J, De Goeij J J M, Zegers C. 1971. Contents and behaviour of mercury as compared with other heavy metals in sediments from the rivers Rhine and Ems[J]. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 50: 393-398. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/27710980_Contents_and_behaviour_of_mercury_as_compared_with_other_heavy_metals_in_sediments_from_rivers_Rhine_and_Ems
Du Rongbin, Liu Liming, Wang Aimin, Wang Yongqiang. 2013. Effects of temperature, algae biomass and ambient nutrient on the absorption of dissolved nitrogen and phosphate by rhodophyte gracilaria asiatica[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 31(2): 353-365. doi: 10.1007/s00343-013-2114-2
Fu Haixia, Liu Yi, Dong Zhiying, Li Ye. 2016. Progress in research on ecological toxicity of combined pollution of antibiotics and heavy metals[J]. Environmental Engineering, 34(4): 60-63(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HJGC201604013.htm
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. 2002. Marine Sediment Quality (GB 18868-2002)[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 242-245(in Chinese).
Helmke P A, Koons R D, Schomberg P J, Iskandar I K. 1977. Determination of trace element contamination of sediments by multielement analysis of clay-size fraction[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 11(10): 984-989. doi: 10.1021/es60133a015
Hong Yajun, Feng Cheng lian, Xu Zuxin, Liao Wei, Yan Zhenfei, Liu Daqing, Fu Zhiyou. 2019. Advances on ecotoxicity effects of heavy metals to aquatic organisms and the mechanisms[J]. Environmental Engineering, 37(11): 1-9(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-HJGC201911002.htm
Huang Biao, Qian Lumin, Liu Jiafu. 2002. Nutrient salts content and eutrophication assessment for Sanduao Sea Area, Fujian[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 21(4): 411-415(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TWHX200204004.htm
Liu Jiafu, Zheng Qinhua, Chen Hongqing, Yu Zuojian, Lin Yongtian. 2003. Water quality condition in Sansha Bay[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 22(2): 201-204(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yong, Yu Junqing, Zhang Lisha, Gao Chunliang, Cheng Aiying. 2012. Heavy metal pollution record of Xingyun Lake in the past 60 years[J]. Journal of Salt Lake Research, 20(2): 1-10(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YHYJ201202003.htm
Lu Xiaotian, Lu Yonglong, Chen Deliang, Su Chao, Song Shuai, Wang Tieyu, Tian Hanqin, Liang Ruoyu, Zhang Meng, Khan Kifayatullah. 2019. Climate change induced eutrophication of cold-water lake in an ecologically fragile nature reserve[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 75(1): 359-369.
Luo Wei, Lu Yonglong, Wang Tieyu, Kong Peiru, Jiao Wentao, Hu Wenyou, Jia Junmei, Naile J E, Khim J S, Giesy J P. 2013. Environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations of cadmium and zinc in coastal watersheds along the Chinese northern Bohai and Yellow Seas[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 32(4): 831-840. doi: 10.1002/etc.2136
Mahler B J, Van Metre P C, Callender E. 2006. Trends in metals in urban and reference lake sediments across the United States[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(7): 1698-1709. doi: 10.1897/05-459R.1
Ningde Municipal Statistical Bureau. 2018. Ningde Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 1-535(in Chinese).
Presley B, Trefry J, Shokes R. 1980. Heavy metal inputs to Mississippi Delta sediments[J]. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 13(4): 481-494. http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000034385384210_1e64.html
Qiao Lei, Yuan Xuyin, Li A'mei. 2005. Heavy metals in littoral zone of Jiangsu Province and an ecological risk evaluation of heavy metals to this zone[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 24(supp. ): 178-182(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/288894355_Heavy_metals_in_littoral_zone_of_Jiangsu_Province_and_an_ecological_risk_evaluation_of_heavy_metals_to_this_zone
Shi Yong, Liu Zhishuai, Gao Jianhua, Wang Xiaoyong. 2015. An approach for correcting "grain size effect" base on the size-frequency distribution[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 34(4): 606-610(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HYHJ201504024.htm
State Oceanic Administration. 2018. Bulletin of China Marine Ecological Environment Status[R]. (in Chinese).
Sun Deyao, Zang Shuying, Sun Huajie, Zhang Nannan, Zhang Ke, Sun Li. 2018. Pollution history and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in core sediments in Hulun Lake during the past 150 years[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 37(1): 137-147(in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_nyhjbh201801017.aspx
Wang Fu, Yang Biao, Tian Lizhu, Li Jianfen, Shang Zhiwen, Chen Yongshen, Jiang Xinyu, Yang Jilong, Wang Hong. 2016. The choice of CIC and CRS models of 210Pbexc dating for tidal flat area[J]. Earth Science, 41(6): 971-981(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/305417632_The_choice_of_CIC_and_CRS_models_of_210Pbexc_dating_for_tidal_flat_area
Wang Xian, Li Wenquan, Zhang Fan. 2002. Assessment on present status and quality of sediment in Fujian shore bay[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 24(4): 127-131(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang XiaoLei, Yang Hao, Ding ZhaoYun, Yang Benjun, Zhang Mingli. 2011. Modern sedimentation rates of Fuxian Lake by 210Pb and 137Cs dating[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(11): 1551-1561(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285860654_Modern_sedimentation_rates_of_Fuxian_Lake_by_210Pb_and_137Cs_dating
Whitney P R. 1975. Relationship of manganese-iron oxides and associated heavy metals to grain size in stream sediments[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 4(2): 251-263. doi: 10.1016/0375-6742(75)90005-9
Xu Fangjian, Liu Zhaoqing, Cao Yingchang, Qiu Longwei, Feng Jianwei, Xu Feng, Tian Xu. 2017. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban river sediments in the Jiaozhou Bay catchment, Qingdao, China[J]. Catena, 150: 9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2016.11.004
Xu Yingjiang, Liu Ge, Cui Yanmei, Jiang Fang, Cao Wei, Wang Minglei, Len Nan, Yang Yufang, Gong Xianghong, Tian Xiuhui. 2020. Application of omics in marine ecotoxicology: A Review[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 329-336(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X20304288
Youssef M, EL-Sobogy A, Kahtany K AL, Otiaby N A L. 2015. Environmental assessment of coastal surface sediments at Tarut Island, Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia)[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 96: 424-433. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.010
Zhang Chaosheng, Wang Lijun, Li Guosheng, Dong Shuangshuang, Yang Jingrong, Wang Xiuli. 2002. Grain size effect on multi-element concentrations in sediments from the intertidal flats of Bohai Bay, China[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 17(1): 59-68. doi: 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00079-8
Zhang Yuan, Tao Ran, Yu Tao, Zhang Yan. 2013. Sediment particle size and the distribution of heavy metals in the typical districts of Dianchi Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 26(4): 370-379(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/288104282_Sediment_particle_size_and_the_distribution_of_heavy_metals_in_the_typical_districts_of_Dianchi_Lake
Zhao Weihong. 2006. The current situation of water quality of the sea areas adjacent to the coast in Fujian Province and pollution-prevention countermeasures[J]. Fujian Geography, 21(2): 107-109(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-FJDL200602032.htm
Zheng Huang, Yang Dan, Xing XinLi, Zhang Zezhou, Shu Quanlai. 2016. Historical records, distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals from sediment core in Honghu Lake, China[J]. China Environmental Science, 36(7): 2139-2145(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/306145405_Historical_records_distribution_characteristics_and_sources_of_heavy_metals_from_sediment_core_in_Honghu_Lake_China
Zheng Qinhua. 2010. Water environment monitoring and evaluation of fisheries waters of Sandu Bay[J]. Journal of Ningde Teachers College(Natural Science), 22(3): 250-254(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-NDSX201003011.htm
Zhu Qingqing, Wang Zhongliang. 2012. Distribution characteristics and source analysis of heavy metals in sediments of the main river systems in China[J]. Earth and Environment, 40(3): 305-313(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZDQ201203003.htm
柴社立, 高丽娜, 邱殿明, 柴源, 郭佳, 徐学纯. 2013. 吉林省西部月亮湖沉积物的210Pb和137Cs测年及沉积速率[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 43(1): 134-141. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ201301017.htm
陈静生, 王飞越, 陈江麟. 1994. 论小于63μm粒级作为水体颗粒物重金属研究介质的合理性及有关粒级转化模型研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 14(4): 419-424. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJXX404.004.htm
陈诗越, 王苏民, 陈影影, 张恩楼, 陈永金, 朱瑜馨. 2009. 东平湖沉积物210Pb、137Cs垂直分布及年代学意义[J]. 第四纪研究, 29(5): 981-987. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7410.2009.05.16
傅海霞, 刘怡, 董志英, 李烨. 2016. 抗生素与重金属复合污染的生态毒理效应研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 34(4): 60-63. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJGC201604013.htm
国家海洋局. 2018. 2017年中国海洋生态环境状况公报[R].
洪亚军, 冯承莲, 徐祖信, 廖伟, 闫振飞, 刘大庆, 符志友. 2019. 重金属对水生生物的毒性效应机制研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 37(11): 1-9. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJGC201911002.htm
黄标, 钱鲁闽, 刘家富. 2002. 福建三沙湾水产养殖区水体氮磷含量及潜在性富营养化程度分析[J]. 台湾海峡, 21(4): 411-415. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8160.2002.04.004
刘家富, 郑钦华, 陈洪清, 余祚溅, 林永添. 2003. 三沙湾的水质状况[J]. 台湾海峡, 22(2): 201-204. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8160.2003.02.012
刘永, 余俊清, 张丽莎, 高春亮, 成艾颖. 2012. 近60年来星云湖沉积物中重金属污染记录[J]. 盐湖研究, 20(2): 1-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YHYJ201202003.htm
宁德市统计局. 2018. 宁德统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 1-535.
乔磊, 袁旭音, 李阿梅. 2005. 江苏海岸带的重金属特征及生态风险分析[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 24(增刊): 178-182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHBH2005S1041.htm
石勇, 刘治帅, 高建华, 汪小勇. 2015. 一种基于粒度频率分布的"粒度效应"校正方法[J]. 海洋环境科学, 34(4): 606-610. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HYHJ201504024.htm
孙德尧, 臧淑英, 孙华杰, 张囡囡, 张科, 孙丽. 2018. 近150年呼伦湖重金属污染历史及潜在生态风险[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 37(1): 137-147. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NHBH201801017.htm
王福, 杨彪, 田立柱, 李建芬, 商志文, 陈永胜, 姜兴钰, 杨吉龙, 王宏. 2016. 开放潮坪地区210Pbexc测年CIC和CRS计算模式的选择[J]. 地球科学, 41(6): 971-981. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201606005.htm
王宪, 李文权, 张钒. 2002. 福建省近岸港湾沉积物质量状况[J]. 海洋学报, 24(4): 127-131. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-4193.2002.04.015
王小雷, 杨浩, 丁兆运, 杨本俊, 张明礼. 2011. 云南抚仙湖近现代沉积速率变化研究[J]. 地理学报, 66(11): 1551-1561. doi: 10.11821/xb201111011
徐英江, 刘鸽, 崔艳梅, 姜芳, 曹伟, 王明磊, 冷男, 杨玉芳, 宫向红, 田秀慧. 2020. 组学技术在海洋生态毒理学研究中的应用[J]. 现代食品科技, 36(5): 329-336. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GZSP202005043.htm
张远, 陶然, 于涛, 张彦. 2013. 滇池典型湖区沉积物粒径与重金属分布特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 26(4): 370-379. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKX201304005.htm
赵卫红. 2006. 福建近岸海域水质现状及污染防治对策[J]. 福建地理, 21(2): 107-109. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7105.2006.02.033
郑煌, 杨丹, 邢新丽, 张泽洲, 舒全来. 2016. 洪湖沉积柱中重金属的历史分布特征及来源[J]. 中国环境科学, 36(7): 2139-2145. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.07.035
郑钦华. 2010. 福建三都澳渔业水域水环境监测与评价[J]. 宁德师专学报(自然科学版), 22(3): 250-254. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-2481.2010.03.007
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 2002. 海洋沉积物质量(GB 18868-2002)[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 242-245.
朱青青, 王中良. 2012. 中国主要水系沉积物中重金属分布特征及来源分析[J]. 地球与环境, 40(3): 305-313. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZDQ201203003.htm
-
图(5)
表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2911
- PDF下载数: 73
- 施引文献: 0