7.8−7.4 ka environment of diatom−rich layer and relative sea level change in the south plain of the Haihe River, Tianjin
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摘要:
研究目的 研究全新世古环境和海面变化对于预测现代地质环境演化趋势具有重要意义。
研究方法 本文以渤海湾西岸沧州北部为研究区，通过取自第V道贝壳堤附近的3个30 m 深钻孔样品的硅藻分析和14 C 年代学研究，重建了富硅藻层的古环境和相对海面。
研究结果 3 个钻孔虽硅藻整体稀少，但各存在一层由泥炭及腐殖质灰色黏土组成的富硅藻层，厚10~60 cm，由海向陆方向厚度变薄。其中，DC01 孔，7473 cal a BP 由海水影响的沼泽环境转为陆相淡水沼泽环境，富硅藻层与下伏沼泽层指示当时的相对海面低于−6.37 m；QX02孔，7513 cal a BP 由盐沼环境（Ⅰ 带）转为受海水影响的沼泽环境（Ⅱ 带）再转为受海水影响的盐沼环境（Ⅲ带），Ⅰ 带和Ⅱ 带界限处指示相对海平面为−6.68 m；QX01 孔，7836 cal a BP 由淡水沼泽（Ⅰ 带）转为盐沼环境（Ⅱ带），Ⅰ 带和Ⅱ 带界线指示相对海面为−7.68 m。
结论 海面在7.4~7.8 cal ka BP 约350 年的时间内上升了近1 m，海水影响到第V 道贝壳堤以西，盐沼和淡水沼泽环境是全新世海侵达到最大范围时岸线附近的主要环境类型，因此，在现代海面上升背景下，沼泽化是海岸地区面临的一个主要环境问题。
Abstract:This paper is the result of marine geological survey engineering.
Objective Studying the Holocene paleoenvironment and sea−level changes is of great practical significance for predicting the modern geological environment evolution trend.
Methods This paper analyzes the diatoms and AMS 14C dating data from three 30 m deep drilling cores collected near Chenier V of northern Cangzhou, Bohai Bay.
Results The diatoms are rare in these drilling cores, and there is only one diatom rich layer in each core, which is composed of peat and humus gray clay. The thickness of the layer is 10 cm to 60 cm, and thinner from seaward to landward. 7473 cal a BP, site of DC01 changed from a sea water influenced swamp environment to a fresh water swamp environment, indicating a relative sea−level lower than −6.37 m; 7513 cal a BP, site of QX02 was transformed from saltmarsh environment (zone Ⅰ) to sea water influenced shallow swamp, then to salt marsh environment (zone Ⅲ), The elevation of the boundary between zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ indicating a relative sea−level of −6.68 m. 7836 cal a BP, site of QX01 was transformed from a freshwater swamp (zone Ⅰ) to a salt marsh environment (zone Ⅱ). The boundary between zone Ⅰ and zone Ⅱ indicating a relative sea−level of −7.68 m.
Conclusions Relative sea−level raised −1 m over a period of about 350 years from 7.8 to 7.4 cal ka BP and the sea water affected the area to the west of the Chenier V. The salt marshes and freshwater swamps were the main environmental types near the transgression maximum in the Early−Mid Holocene. Under the background of modern sea−level rise, marshification is a major environmental problem that modern coastal areas must face.
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表 1 钻孔信息
Table 1. Borehole information
钻孔号 钻孔地点 地理坐标 孔口高程/m 距现海岸线距离/km DC01 大城县王裴庄 38°40′9.1″N，116°39′16.5″E +3.74 85 QX01 青县盖宿铺村 38°38′52.2″N，116°48′57.7″E +5.16 65 QX02 青县刘世印屯 38°38′24.2″N，116°57′24.2″E +3.57 53 注：孔口为黄海85高程。 
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表 2 AMS14C年代测定结果
Table 2. Results of AMS14C dating
钻孔号 BETA实验室
样品编号钻孔地点 测试材料 取样深度(海拔)/m δ13C/‰ 14C年龄/a BP 校正年龄/cal BP
中值(年代区间) （或然率）DC01 329636 大城县王裴庄 泥炭 8.55(−4.81) −26.8 6590±40 7473(7438~7508)(94.3%) DC01 329637 大城县王裴庄 泥炭 9.17(−5.43) −19.2 7410±60 8248(8182~8314)(100%) QX01 329645 青县盖宿铺村 泥炭 9.16(−4.00) −27.4 6220±40 7069(7020~7118)(64.5%) QX01 329640 青县盖宿铺村 泥炭 11.39(−6.23) −25.3 7010±30 7861(7786~7935)(99.0%)) QX02 333329 青县刘世印屯 泥炭 7.27(−3.70) −25.7 6360±30 7288 (7261~7315)(100%) QX02 333330 青县刘世印屯 泥炭 8.98(−5.41) −26.3 6620±30 7513(7457~7569)(97.6%) QX02 333331 青县刘世印屯 泥炭 10.97(−7.40) −27.2 7020±30 7863(7792~7934)(100%)
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表 3 DC01、QX01和QX02孔富硅藻层硅藻分析推测的古环境
Table 3. Paleoe−environment of diatom rich layer of cores DC01, QX01 and QX02 by diatom analysis
孔位 硅藻带 M−B、B−F和
F硅藻含量/%主要硅藻种类及含量/% 古环境 年代/cal a BP 海拔/m DC01 Ⅰ 0.5
2.1
97.4Melosira ambigua(32.3), Pinnularia spp.(16.4), Synedra ulna(17.9), Cymbella minuta(17.4), Epithemia turgida(4.6), Diploneis ovalis(3.1) 几乎不受海水影响的有河流流入的淡水湖沼 7473 −6.37 QX01 Ⅲ 12.7
1.6
85.7Melosira ambigua(25.0), Nitzshia gastrum(23.4), Melosira granulata(19.8), Diploneis ovalis(8.3), Achtiocyclus spp.(4.8), Coscinodiscus spp.(3.2) 受海水影响有一定水深的盐沼 7861 −7.68 Ⅱ 33.3
8.3
58.3Coscinodiscus spp.(16.7), Navicula marina(16.7), Gomphonema spp.(12.5), Synedra ulna(8.3), Diploneis ovalis(4.2) 受海水和河流两方面影响的盐沼 Ⅰ 0
5.5
94.5Eunotia spp.(32.8), Synedra ulna(26.2), Gomphonema spp.(8.2), Rhopalodia gibberula(2.7), Nitzschia brevissima(1.6), Gyrosigma acuminatum(1.1) 有河流流入的淡水沼泽 QX02 Ⅵ 11.5
0.4
88.1Nitzshia gastrum(19.7), Melosira ambigua(22.7), Melosira granulata(18), Diploneis ovalis(7.6), Coscinodiscus spp.(3.0), Achtiocyclus spp. (4.0) 受海水影响的有一定水深的盐沼 7513 不低于−6.68 Ⅲ 13.1
6.6
80.3Nitzshia gastrum(19.7), Diploneis ovalis(8.2), Pinnularia spp.(4.9), Coscinodiscus spp(4.9), Achtiocyclus spp.(4.9) 受海水影响的盐沼环境 Ⅱ 2.6
23.2
74.2Synedra ulna(19.6), Navicula lanceolota(17.0), Diploneis ovalis(5.7), Pinnularia spp. (1.5), Bacillaria paradoxa(11.3), Nitzschia brevissima(9.8), Nitzschia lorenziana(2.6) 略受海水影响的水深较浅的沼泽环境 Ⅰ 8.4
2.7
88.9Diploneis ovalis(19.5), Synedra ulna(14.2), Navicula lanceolota(15.0), Nitzshia gastrum(8.8), Epithemia turgida(8.0), Hantzschia amphioxys(6.2), Achtiocyclus spp.(1.3), Rhaphoneis surirella(1.3) 略受海水影响的沼泽湿地环境
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