Mineral saturation index characteristics, sources of Sr2+, SO42− and development potential of strontium−rich karst water in Xintian County, Hunan Province
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摘要:
研究目的 湖南新田县发现大型富锶矿泉水田，然而锶元素来源及锶矿泉开发利用潜力研究相对薄弱，此外探究富锶岩溶水水化学特征及锶元素来源可为岩溶区寻找富锶地下水提供一定的理论支撑。
研究方法 通过开展水文地质调查，富锶地下水水化学指标检测分析，利用PHREEQC软件、水化学计量法、端元法、水文地质参数等揭示富锶岩溶水矿物饱和指数特征，Sr2+、SO42−来源及富锶地下水开发潜力。
研究结果 方解石在下降泉和机井中均主要处于饱和状态，白云石由下降泉中未饱和状态转为机井中的饱和状态，菱锶矿在机井中出现饱和状态，石膏在下降泉和机井中均为未饱和状态。下降泉中矿物饱和指数随泉水溶解性总固体增加而升高，两者呈较好的正相关关系，但在机井中两者相关性较差。下降泉SO42−和大气降水SO42−具有较好的拟合关系，根据Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+、HCO3−、SO42−化学计量关系，机井中SO42−可能来源于石膏溶解。下降泉中Sr2+主要来源于石灰岩中以类质同像置换钙的锶，机井中Sr2+较大可能来源于含水层中菱锶矿。研究区85.2%水点的地下水符合国家生活饮用水卫生标准，超标水点多为单指标超标。经计算，枯水年富锶地下水天然补给资源量、可开采资源量和地下水资源潜力分别为3.83×107 m3/a、1.05×107 m3/a、7.28×106 m3/a。
结论 新田县富锶地下水中锶主要来源于泥盆系佘田桥组地层含锶矿物（类质同像置换钙的锶和菱锶矿）的溶解，富锶地下水资源量及资源潜力可观，具有较大的开发利用潜力与价值。
Abstract:This paper is the result of hydrogeological survey engineering.
Objective There is limited research on the sources of strontium elementand the potential for the development and utilization of karst water in the large−scale strontium rich mineral water field in Xintian County, Hunan Province. Exploring the hydrochemical characteristics of strontium−rich karst water and the sources of strontium element can provide theoretical support for searching for strontium rich groundwater in karst areas.
Methods PHREEQC software, water stoichiometry, end element method and hydrogeological parameters were used in this study to reveal the mineral saturation index characteristicsof strontium−rich karst water, as well as the sources of Sr2+ and SO42− and its development potential through the hydrogeological investigation and hydrochemical testson groundwater in this strontium−rich mineral water field.
Results Calcite is mainly saturated both in the springs and shafts, while dolomite changes from unsaturated in the springs to saturate in the shafts. Strontium is saturated in the shafts, and gypsum is unsaturated both in the springs and the shafts. In the springs, mineral saturation index increases with the total dissolved solids, and they areof a good positive correlation, but of a poor correlation in the shafts. The correlation of SO42− betweenthe springs and shaftsare positive. According to the stoichiometric relation of Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, HCO3− and SO42−, SO42− in the shafts may come from gypsum dissolution. The Sr2+ in the springsare mainly derived from strontium which replaces calcium with isomorphism in limestone, while Sr2+ in the shafts probably come from strontium siderite in the aquifer. 85.2% of the groundwatersamplings in the research area meet the national standard for drinking water quality, and the excess water samplings are mostly single indicator exceeding the standard. Through calculation, the natural recharge resources, exploitable resources and groundwater resource potential of strontium−rich groundwater in dry years are 3.83×107 m3/a、1.05×107 m3/a、7.28×106 m3/a respectively.
Conclusions Strontium in the strontium−rich groundwater in Xintian County is mainly derived from the dissolution of strontium−containing minerals in Shetianqiao Formation strata of Devonian. Those minerals, including strontianite, were form by isomorphicly substitute of calcium with strontium. The amount and resource potential of strontium−rich groundwater are considerable, with a great value for development and utilization.
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图 1 湖南新田县富锶地下水采样点分布图（据夏日元等, 2017修改）
Figure 1.
表 1 湖南新田县大气降水、下降泉、机井水化学指标含量统计结果
Table 1. Statistics of hydrochemical indicator content in springs, shafts and precipitation
分类 统计量 pH Sr2+ K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ HCO3− SO42− Cl− TDS 下
降
泉最小值 6.76 0.03 0.07 0.37 39.38 1.73 132.50 4.29 1.40 136.91 最大值 7.81 0.67 16.44 15.68 131.14 13.41 398.43 57.71 27.45 411.50 平均值 7.13 0.26 1.69 3.39 94.31 4.27 277.41 19.19 6.10 286.00 标准差 0.27 0.16 2.94 4.14 22.76 2.66 62.59 14.55 6.12 74.65 机
井最小值 6.90 0.20 0.28 0.76 33.10 1.86 182.98 5.18 1.68 186.56 最大值 7.62 8.47 16.04 105.52 159.42 58.22 581.31 98.43 88.78 618.82 平均值 7.33 2.64 2.57 31.63 91.83 22.92 393.74 40.36 19.96 428.27 标准差 0.21 2.48 2.94 35.96 37.79 16.31 80.89 25.33 22.00 105.02 大气降水 7.53 0.00771 0.77 0.19 8.92 0.37 31.49 5.53 0.9 36.27 注：除pH外所有指标含量单位均为mg/L；大气降水样品数1组，下降泉样品数33组，机井样品数28组。 
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表 2 富锶地下水部分常规指标含量统计结果
Table 2. Statistics of some conventional indexes content in strontium−rich groundwater
指标 下降泉 机井 最大值 平均值 最小值 最大值 平均值 最小值 Al/(μg/L) 178 / − 670 / − Cu/(μg/L) 1.52 / − 8.66 / − Pb/(μg/L) 0.76 0.42 0.25 15 1.85 0.32 Zn/(μg/L) 15.8 / − 437 / − Cr/(μg/L) 10.4 5.41 1.47 8.99 6.19 2.36 Cd/(μg/L) 0.2 / − 0.4 / − Mn/(μg/L) 190 / − 571 / − As/(μg/L) 1.38 / − 5.03 / − Hg/(μg/L) 0.14 / − 1.87 / − Se/(μg/L) 1.98 / − 2.04 / − Fe/(mg/L) 0.27 / − 1.1 / − NO3−−N/(mg/L) 78.94 / − 64.46 / − CODMn/(mg/L) 2.51 / − 1.37 / − 注：“−”表示含量低于检测线；“/”表示无数据。
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