龙门山冲断带中—新生代隆升及扩展的热年代学证据

金文正; 王善民; 白万奎; 叶治续

doi:10.12029/gc20220306001

龙门山冲断带中—新生代隆升及扩展的热年代学证据

1.
中国地质大学（北京）能源学院, 北京 100083

2.
油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 中国石油大学（北京）, 北京 102249

3.
地热能科学技术（大理）研究院, 云南大理 671006

4.
中国石化胜利油田分公司物探研究院, 山东东营 257000

5.
中国石油天然气股份有限公司冀东油田分公司, 河北唐山 063200

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“龙门山冲断带构造分段变形机制研究”（41002072）、云南省科技计划项目“云南省中深层地热能开发利用关键技术研究”（202302AF080001）和油气资源与工程全国重点实验室开放课题基金“川北碧口地块中生代以来构造隆升的热年代学研究”（PRP/open-1307）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 金文正，男，1978年生，博士，讲师，主要从事油气地质和含油气盆地分析专业方向研究工作；E-mail：jwz@cugb.edu.cn

中图分类号: P542

收稿日期: 2022-03-06

修回日期: 2023-02-19

刊出日期: 2025-07-25

Thermochronology of the Meso–Cenozoic uplift and tectonic growth of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt

1.
School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

2.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

3.
Geothermal Energy Science and Technology (Dali) Institute, Dali 671006, Yunnan, China

4.
Geophysical Research Institute of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Branch, Dongying 257000, Shandong, China

5.
Jidong Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina, Tangshan 063200, Hebei, China

Fund Project: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China “Study on the Mechanism of Structural Segmental Deformation in Longmenshan Thrust Belt” (No.41002072), Yunnan Province Science and Technology Plan “Research on Key Technologies for the Development and Utilization of Medium to Deep Geothermal Energy in Yunnan Province” (No. 202302AF080001), Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Exploration “Thermochronological study on tectonic uplift of Bikou block since Mesozoic in northern Sichuan”(No.PRP/open-1307).

More Information

Author Bio: JIN Wenzheng, male, born in 1978, doctor, lecturer, mainly engaged in research of petroleum geology and basin analysis; E-mail: jwz@cugb.edu.cn .

Received Date: 06 March 2022

Revised Date: 19 February 2023

Publish Date: 25 July 2025

摘要

摘要: 研究目的
为探讨龙门山冲断带中—新生代垂向构造隆升与横向构造扩展之间的关系，本文开展了低温热年代学测试及分析工作。
研究方法
通过磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹测定及结果分析，剖析构造隆升演化特征。
研究结果
磷灰石裂变径迹长度介于(11.4±2.6)~(12.2±2.2) μm，有效反映本地构造隆升史；热史模拟结果表明本地区样品经历了“构造快速隆升期—构造稳定期—构造快速隆升期”三个阶段，且构造隆升具有北早南晚的特征；研究区内各岩石样品冷却速率介于1.211~6.053 ℃/Ma，自南东向北西构造隆升速率逐渐增加，构造隆升时间逐渐变晚。
结论
龙门山冲断带在中—新生代（150 Ma）以来表现出后展式扩展，此后分别在晚白垩世—始新世（70~50 Ma）和渐新世以来（约20 Ma），又再次表现为后展式特征，龙门山冲断带中西部地区具有多期构造隆升叠加的特征。
- 构造隆升 /
- 构造扩展 /
- 裂变径迹 /
- 热年代学 /
- 中—新生代 /
- 地质调查工程 /
- 龙门山
Abstract:
This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
Objective
This study focuses on the relationship between the vertical tectonic uplift and the lateral tectonic expansion that occurred during the Meso-Cenozoic in the Longmenshan thrust belt. To examine this relationship, low-temperature thermal chronology testing and analysis were conducted.
Methods
The characteristics of tectonic evolution were examined by determining and analyzing apatite and zircon fission track ages.
Results
The lengths of apatite fission tracks are within the range of (11.4 ± 2.6)–(12.2 ± 2.2) μm. This range effectively reflects the local tectonic uplift history. The thermal history simulation results show that the apatite samples experienced three critical stages: a rapid tectonic uplift, a stable tectonic stage, and a rapid tectonic uplift. The uplifting events occurred earlier in the northern area than in the southern area. The cooling rate of each rock sample was in the range of 1.211–6.053 °C/Ma. From the southeast to the northwest, the tectonic uplift rate increased gradually, while the time of uplifting was gradually delayed.
Conclusions
The Longmenshan thrust belt has undergone tectonic deformation characterized by piggyback propagation from northwest to southeast since the Meso−Cenozoic (150 Ma). This deformation continued from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene (70–50 Ma) and persisted into the Oligocene (approximately 20 Ma). The central and western regions of the Longmenshan thrust belt are characterized by multi-stage tectonic uplift and superposition.
- tectonic uplift /
- tectonic extension /
- fission track /
- thermochronology /
- Meso−Cenozoic /
- geological survey engineering /
- Longmenshan

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地质图和年龄数据分布图（a）、区域构造位置图（b）及磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹取样位置剖面（c）

Figure 1.

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图 2 磷灰石和锆石单颗粒年龄放射图

Figure 2.

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图 3 研究区样品热史模拟图

Figure 3.

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图 4 两种冷却速率计算原理对比图

Figure 4.

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图 5 磷灰石和锆石冷却速率对比图

Figure 5.

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图 6 裂变径迹年龄与海拔关系对比图

Figure 6.

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表 1 岩石样品位置、岩性及所属地层

Table 1. Sample locations, lithology and stratum of rock samples

样品号	海拔/m	经度	纬度	岩性	地层
B1	510	E105°50.9674′	N32°28.8581′	砂岩	J（侏罗系）
B2	502	E105°51.0681′	N32°30.0785′	砂岩	T₃（上三叠统）
B28	630	E105°28.3507′	N32°40.7565′	砾岩	E（古近系）
B33	948	E105°26.8822′	N32°20.1112′	砂岩	T₃（上三叠统）
B34	597	E105°16.6763′	N32°17.4941′	砂岩	D₂（中泥盆统）
B36	868	E104°31.5042′	N32°25.2379′	砂岩	D₂（中泥盆统）
B37	750	E104°44.9799′	N32°18.3751′	砂岩	∈₁（下寒武统）
B38	676	E104°47.9201′	N32°10.2420′	粉砂岩	∈₁（下寒武统）
B46	529	E104°41.3768′	N31°42.0479′	粉砂岩	K₁（下白垩统）
Z1	613	E103°32.0622′	N30°41.3491′	粉砂岩	K（白垩系）
Z2	894	E103°28.5814′	N30°59.1777′	砂岩	T₃（上三叠统）
Z5	1368	E103°34.2993′	N31°30.0655′	砂岩	S（志留系）
Z7	2234	E102°58.3640′	N31°30.0724′	灰岩	T₃（上三叠统）
Z16	1858	E103°44.0767′	N32°07.8980′	板岩	S（志留系）
Z23	938	E104°06.5794′	N31°34.0174′	灰岩	Z（震旦系）
Z24	768	E104°08.8564′	N31°29.5380′	砂岩	T₁（下三叠统）
Z26	737	E104°01.2653′	N31°18.4734′	砂岩	J（侏罗系）

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表 2 磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果

Table 2. Results of apatite fission track

样品号	颗粒数/n	ρ_s/(10⁵/cm²) (Ns)	ρ_i/(10⁵/cm²) (Ni)	ρ_d/(10⁵/cm²) (Nd)	P(χ²)/ %	中值年龄/ Ma (±1σ)	池年龄/ Ma(±1σ)	铀含量/ 10⁻⁶	径迹长度/ μm(N)
B2	28	4.229(673)	11.75(1870)	9.359(7380)	45.8	66±4.7	65±4.3	14.51	12.2±2.2(125)
B28	11	0.65(47)	4.243(307)	15.379(7380)	82.8	45±7.7	45±7.4	3.87	——
B33	7	3.505(82)	15.345(359)	15.774(7380)	47.9	70±9.3	69±9.1	12.48	11.7±1.6(10)
B38	28	0.647(29)	9.816(440)	14.392(7380)	49.3	19±3.9	18±3.6	7.92	——
B46	28	2.89(433)	12.923(1936)	13.889(7380)	0	60±5.9	60±4.3	11.11	12.2±1.9(100)
Z1	27	3.951(600)	18.463(2804)	12.077(5782)	14.7	52±4	53±3	20.49	12.1±1.9(106)
Z2	31	1.266(158)	18.832(2351)	12.962(5782)	98.8	18±2	18±2	18.06	12.0±2.1(53)
Z5	36	0.133(26)	2.343(459)	13.552(5782)	57.1	17±4	16±3	2.93	——
Z24	21	4.845(361)	18.078(1347)	10.896(5782)	0.1	50±6	60±4	21.75	11.4±2.6(54)
Z26	29	2.781(395)	15.798(2244)	12.667(5782)	0	41±5	46±3	18.06	11.7±2.4(105)

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表 3 锆石裂变径迹分析结果

Table 3. Results of zircon fission track

样品号	颗粒数/n	ρ_s/(10⁵/cm²) (Ns)	ρ_i/(10⁵/cm²) (Ni)	ρ_d/(10⁵/cm²) (Nd)	P(χ²)/ %	中值年龄/ Ma(±1σ)	池年龄/ Ma(±1σ)	铀含量/ 10⁻⁶
B1	22	133.396(4183)	40.341(1265)	10.905(8136)	3.4	154±8	154±7	134.27
B2	25	133.022(6878)	43.361(2242)	10.68(8136)	0	142±9	140±6	148.66
B28	25	69.847(3330)	32.763(1562)	14.619(8136)	9.3	132±7	133±6	84.27
B33	26	108.127(4783)	22.652(1002)	13.944(8136)	7.3	280±15	281±14	62.53
B34	24	95.484(3501)	29.237(1072)	13.719(8136)	18.1	191±10	190±9	83.99
B36	26	103.047(3049)	44.578(1319)	13.268(8136)	31.2	131±6	131±6	128.51
B37	5	124.06(500)	67.985(274)	13.099(8136)	17.2	102±10	102±8	350.02
B38	23	133.445(3122)	50.95(1192)	12.921(8136)	0	145±9	144±7	145.33
B46	23	108.49(3402)	45.156(1416)	14.394(8136)	24.5	148±7	147±7	120.38
Z1	14	137.91(1559)	58.384(660)	12.568(7846)	82.9	142±9	142±9	181.53
Z2	27	144.277(4198)	64.131(1866)	13.1247846)	5.8	142±7	141±7	187.72
Z5	7	95.872(311)	89.399(290)	14.792(7846)	36.0	76±7	76±7	221.44
Z7	4	52.177318)	81.219(495)	15.348(7846)	0	38±18	48±4	194.97
Z16	3	128.179(252)	80.875(159)	12.985(7846)	46.8	99±11	99±11	213.51
Z23	15	178.962(2199)	83.499(1026)	14.236(7846)	47.0	146±8	146±8	205.22
Z24	16	156.288(2581)	64.852(1071)	14.792(7846)	48.3	170±9	170±9	154.72
Z26	28	152.666(4262)	64.512(1801)	15.904(7846)	8.1	179±9	180±9	155.86
注：n为测试的颗粒数；ρ_s为自发径迹密度；Ns为自发径迹数量；ρ_i为外探测器诱发径迹密度；Ni为外探测器诱发径迹数量；ρ_d为标准玻璃的诱发径迹密度；Nd为标准玻璃的诱发径迹数量；P(χ²)是在自由度为（Nc−1）时得到的χ²值的概率。

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表 4 裂变径迹年龄分解结果

Table 4. Decomposed results of fission track age

样品号	年龄类型	较年轻的峰年龄/Ma （所占比例）	较老的峰年龄/Ma （所占比例）
B46	磷灰石	6.1±3.7（3.7%±3.6%）	63.7±4.6（96.3%±3.6%）
Z24	磷灰石	40.1±4.7（68%±15%）	78.4±7.1（32%±15%）
Z26	磷灰石	28.2±3（65%±12%）	72±6.5（35%±12%）
B1	锆石	131±10（38%±20%）	172±12（62%±20%）
B2	锆石	108.8±6.6（36%±12%）	166.4±8.5（64%±12%）
B38	锆石	109.1±9.6（30%±14%）	166±10（70%±14%）
Z7	锆石	20.6±2.3（75%±22%）	156±20（25%±22%）

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表 5 热史模拟方法获得的样品冷却速率参数

Table 5. Parameters for the sample cooling rate by thermal history simulation

样品号	阶段划分	冷却阶段/Ma	温度区间/℃	冷却速率/(℃/Ma)
B2	I	149~137	148~103	3.750
	II	137~43	103~75	0.298
	III	43~0	75~20	1.279
B33	I	150~77	150~72	1.068
	II	77~5	72~55	0.236
	III	5~0	55~20	7.000
B46	I	148~103	148~85	1.400
	II	103~20	85~52	0.398
	III	20~0	52~20	1.600
Z1	I	149~100	150~58	1.878
	II	100~36	58~45	0.203
	III	36~0	45~0	1.250
Z2	I	100~46	149~72	1.426
	II	46~7	72~48	0.615
	III	7~0	48~20	4.000

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表 6 磷灰石裂变径迹年龄—封闭温度方法计算的样品冷却速率

Table 6. Parameters for calculating the sample cooling rate by apatite fission track age closure temperature

样品号	年龄差值/Ma	冷却阶段/Ma	冷却速率/(℃/Ma)
B2	65	65~0	1.538
B28	45	45~0	2.222
B33	69	69~0	1.449
B38	18	18~0	5.556
B46	60	60~0	1.667
Z1	53	53~0	1.887
Z2	18	18~0	5.556
Z5	16	16~0	6.250
Z24	50	50~0	2.000
Z26	41	41~0	2.439
注：磷灰石退火温度为120℃，现今地表温度20℃。

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表 7 锆石裂变径迹年龄—封闭温度方法计算的样品冷却速率

Table 7. Parameters for calculating the sample cooling rate by zircon fission track age closure temperature

样品号	年龄差值/Ma	冷却阶段/Ma	冷却速率/(℃/Ma)
B1	154	154~0	1.494
B2	142	142~0	1.620
B34	190	190~0	1.211
B36	131	131~0	1.756
B37	102	102~0	2.255
B38	145	145~0	1.586
Z1	142	142~0	1.620
Z2	141	141~0	1.631
Z5	76	76~0	3.026
Z7	38	38~0	6.053
Z16	99	99~0	2.323
Z23	146	146~0	1.575
Z24	170	170~0	1.353
Z26	180	180~0	1.278
注：锆石退火温度为250℃，现今地表温度20℃。

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中国地质调查局中国地质科学院	主办
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龙门山冲断带中—新生代隆升及扩展的热年代学证据

作者简介: 金文正，男，1978年生，博士，讲师，主要从事油气地质和含油气盆地分析专业方向研究工作；E-mail：jwz@cugb.edu.cn

Thermochronology of the Meso–Cenozoic uplift and tectonic growth of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt

Author Bio: JIN Wenzheng, male, born in 1978, doctor, lecturer, mainly engaged in research of petroleum geology and basin analysis; E-mail: jwz@cugb.edu.cn .

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