Characteristics, current research status, and development prospects of mineral fertilizers
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摘要:
研究目的 矿物肥料的发现及其应用在许多方面做出了巨大贡献，能够为土壤施用养分以提高产量，满足日益增长的粮食需求。
研究方法 本文系统搜集整理矿物肥料的研究成果，针对矿物肥料特点、应用研究现状与发展展望进行了论述，结合国内外矿物肥料的分类及土壤改良修复、农业产品生产方面的应用，探讨矿物肥料对环境的影响以及展望环境可持续性。
研究结果 本综述主要有以下认识：（1）列举矿物肥料的分类，以提供有关其成分的最新知识；（2）列述矿物肥料的研究现状，以了解他们的重要性以及不足；（3）减少矿物肥料对环境的影响以及展望环境可持续性而改进的施肥技术。
结论 过度施用矿物肥料会产生大量影响环境可持续性的污染物，故在使用矿物肥料时要遵循科学施肥原则，实施精准施肥。
Abstract:This paper is the result of agricultural geological survey engineering.
Objective The discovery and application of mineral fertilizers have made significant contributions in many aspects, such as providing nutrients to the soil to improve yields and meet the increasing demand for food.
Methods This paper systematically collects and organizes research findings on mineral fertilizers, discussing their characteristics, current research status, and future development prospects. By combining the classification of mineral fertilizers both domestically and internationally, as well as their applications in soil improvement and agricultural production, this paper explores the environmental impact of mineral fertilizers and proposes improved fertilization techniques for environmental sustainability.
Results This review primarily entails the following understandings: (1) Listing the classification of mineral fertilizers to provide the latest knowledge on their composition; (2) Describing the current research status of mineral fertilizers to understand their importance and limitations; (3) Reducing the environmental impact of mineral fertilizers and proposing improved fertilization techniques for environmental sustainability.
Conclusions Excessive use of mineral fertilizers can result in the production of pollutants that negatively impact environmental sustainability. Therefore, when using mineral fertilizers, it is important to follow the principles of scientific fertilization and implement precision fertilization.
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图 1 1961—2019年全球化肥氮、磷、钾使用量 （Bijay and Sapkota, 2023）
Figure 1.
图 3 全磷供应链的持续发展流程图 （Gong et al., 2022）
Figure 3.
表 1 矿物质肥料按照化学成分分类（兰成云等，2016）
Table 1. Classification of mineral fertilizers according to chemical composition and functional use （Lan Chengyun et al., 2016）
序号 种类 分类 1 氮矿物质肥料 钠硝石、钾销石、铵明矾、卤砂等 2 磷矿物质肥料 磷灰石、磷块岩、泥炭蓝铁矿、胶礔矿、磷铝石等 3 钾矿物质肥料 霞石、钟盐、钟长石、白云母、光卤石、海绿石、钾石膏等 4 钙矿物质肥料 白垩、文石、石青、硬石膏、方解石、硅灰石等 5 硼、镁矿物质肥料 硼砂、硼镁石、电气石、白云石、菱镁矿、方镁石等 6 硫矿物质肥料 石膏、重晶石、硬石膏、白然硫、天青石等 7 硅矿物质肥料 沸石、长石、蛭石、皂石、石英、地开石、绿泥石、海泡石、凹凸棒石等 8 微肥矿物质肥料 麦饭石、贝壳矿、软锰矿、辉钼矿、闪锌矿、蓝铜矿、孔雀石等 9 岩石质矿物质肥料 蛇纹石、碳酸盐岩等 10 有机质矿物质肥料 泥炭、腐泥 
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表 2 硅的来源及其主要成分
Table 2. Sources and Main Components of Silicon
硅的来源 化学组成 Si的含量/% 硅酸 H4SiO4 29 硅酸钙熔渣 — 18~21 硅酸钙 CaSiO3 24 硅酸钾 K2SiO3 18 硅酸钠 Na2SiO3 23 石英砂（细粒） SiO2 46 非晶态硅 ASi —
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