Characteristics analysis and evolution model of Ingenii Basin on the Moon based on multisource remote sensing data
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摘要:
研究目的 月海撞击盆地是月表最重要的地质单元之一，其地质演化特征受内、外动力地质作用的综合影响。古老的智海盆地位于月球背面南极—艾肯（South Pole−Aitken, SPA）盆地内的西北部边界位置，这一特殊的地理位置使其对于认识月球结构与成分、内外动力地质作用演化过程具有重要意义。
研究方法 本文从可见光影像、月壤成熟度、地形、坡度、粗糙度等表面特征，布格重力异常、月壳厚度等深部特征以及元素、矿物丰度等物质特征多个维度对智海盆地进行综合解析。
研究结果 智海盆地区域具有极不对称性，其内部地形呈西北高东南低的特征，发育奇特的漩涡月貌，除漩涡与陡峭的盆壁及撞击坑壁区域外普遍具有较高的月壤成熟度。形成智海盆地的巨大撞击作用引起高密度月幔岩石圈隆起，导致盆地中央表现重力正异常，对应的月壳厚度也最薄。月壳厚度与布格重力异常之间具有线性反比关系，相关系数r为−0.94。盆地内部月海玄武岩充填区相比邻区具有高铁、高钛特征，智海以外区域的物质成分特征普遍与撞击靶区相近。在对智海盆地表面特征、深部特征及物质成分等多个维度特征进行解析的基础上，完成智海盆地区域地质演化模式分析。
结论 智海盆地的地貌与成分受到内、外动力地质作用的综合影响，表现出南极—艾肯地体和长石质高地地体的双重特征，是理解月球早期演化历史的一个窗口。
Abstract:This paper is the result of moon geological survey engineering.
Objective Mare basins constitute pivotal geological units on the lunar surface. Their geological evolution characteristics are comprehensively affected by both endogenic and exogenic dynamic geological processes. The ancient Ingenii Basin is located on the northwest rim of South Pole−Aitken Basin on the lunar farside. This special geographical location endows it with great significance for understanding lunar structure, composition, and the evolution of these dynamic geological processes.
Methods This study conducts a comprehensive and multi−faceted analysis of Ingenii Basin, encompassing surface attributes like albedo variations, soil maturity indices, topography, slope gradients, and roughness, alongside deep−seated features such as Bouguer gravity anomalies, crustal thickness, and compositional characteristics in elemental and mineral abundances.
Results The region of Ingenii Basin exhibits pronounced asymmetry, with a topographic profile characterized by elevated northwest regions and lower−lying southeast areas. Distinctive swirl patterns adorn the basin. The majority of the terrain, excluding swirls, steep basin walls, and impact crater walls, generally displays high maturity. The Ingenii Basin−forming impact event uplifted high−density mantle materials beneath the Moho surface, resulting in a positive gravity anomaly at the basin’s center, where the crustal thickness attains its minimum. A linear inverse correlation emerges between crust thickness and Bouguer gravity anomalies, particularly pronounced for gravity anomalies exceeding 200 mGal. Within the basin’s mare basalt regions, FeO and TiO2 abundances are elevated, while compositional traits outside the Ingenii region generally mirror those of the impacted target. Through a multi−dimensional examination of surface, subsurface, and compositional features, we delineated the regional geological evolution mode of Ingenii Basin.
Conclusions The landform and composition of the Ingenii Basin are comprehensively affected by endogenic and exogenic dynamic geological processes, exhibiting the dual characteristics of the South Pole − Aitken Terrane and the Feldspathic Highlands Terrane, which is a window to understand the early evolutionary history of the Moon.
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图 5 智海盆地区域布格重力异常图（a）、模型1的月壳厚度图（b）、模型4的月壳厚度图（c）（Wieczorek et al.，2013）
Figure 5.
图 12 SPA盆地内月海玄武岩单元模式年龄（据Chen et al., 2022b修改）
Figure 12.
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