DISCUSSION ON THE TWO TYPES OF PORPHYRY COPPER MINERALIZATION IN NORTHERN CHILE AND NORTHWEST ARGENTINA
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摘要:
智利北部和阿根廷西北部的中新生代斑岩铜矿形成于古生代地体拼贴造山带背景。随着大西洋的张开，南美大陆向西漂移，中新生代期间，南美克拉通块体俯冲到古生代造山带之下形成加厚或双倍地壳。智利北部作为南美活动大陆边缘的组成部分，不断"吞食"向东俯冲的太平洋（纳斯卡）板块，斑岩铜矿成矿作用发生在俯冲板块断离后导致的大规模岩浆活动，并沿再活化岩石圈不连续（先存的古生代拼接带、区域断裂）反复就位，形成安第斯型斑岩铜矿。阿根廷西北部大规模铜（金、钼）成矿与加厚的造山带垮塌有关，大规模成矿受控于造山岩石圈去根、软流圈物质和热上涌引发的大规模岩浆活动。总体而言，智利北部、阿根廷西北部安第斯型和造山带垮塌型斑岩铜矿，乃至南美安第斯山铜（金）矿成矿带形成，与中新生代以来南美大陆向西漂移、大西洋张开事件关系密切。
Abstract:The Mesozoic-Cenozoic porphyry copper deposits in northern Chile and northwestern Argentina were formed in the orogenic setting of the Paleozoic terrane collocation. With the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, the South American continent drifted westward, in Mesozoic-Cenozoic the South American craton was subducted beneath the Paleozoic orogenic belts to form a thicker or double crust. As a part of the active continental margin of South America, northern Chile continuously "swallowed" the Pacific (Nasca) plate which subducted eastward. The mineralization of porphyry copper deposits in northern Chile occurred after the large-scale magmatic activity which caused by slab-failure subduction of the Pacific (Nazca) plate, and repeatedly took place along the reactivated lithosphere discontinuities (the pre-existing Paleozoic splice zones and regional faults), forming so-called Andean-type porphyry copper deposits; The large-scale copper (gold, molybdenum) mineralization in northwestern Argentina was associated with the collapse of the thickened orogenic belt. The large-scale mineralization was controlled by the large-scale magmatism caused by the de-rooting of the orogenic lithosphere, asthenospheric material and thermal upwelling. Overall, Porphyry copper deposits of the Andean-type and orogenic collapse-type in northern Chile and northwestern Argentina, as well as the formation of the Andean copper (gold) metallogenic belt in South America, are closely related to the westward drift of the South American continent and the opening of the Atlantic Ocean since the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
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Key words:
- large-scale mineralization /
- Andean type /
- orogenic collapse /
- northern Chile /
- northwestern Argentina
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