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黄土高原滑坡灾害形成动力学机制

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文章导航 > 地质力学学报 > 2020 > 26(5): 714-730

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彭建兵, 王启耀, 庄建琦, 冷艳秋, 范仲杰, 王少凯. 2020. 黄土高原滑坡灾害形成动力学机制. 地质力学学报, 26(5): 714-730. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.059
引用本文: 彭建兵, 王启耀, 庄建琦, 冷艳秋, 范仲杰, 王少凯. 2020. 黄土高原滑坡灾害形成动力学机制. 地质力学学报, 26(5): 714-730. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.059
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PENG Jianbing, WANG Qiyao, ZHUANG Jianqi, LENG Yanqiu, FAN Zhongjie, WANG Shaokai. 2020. Dynamic formation mechanism of landslide disaster on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Geomechanics, 26(5): 714-730. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.059
Citation: PENG Jianbing, WANG Qiyao, ZHUANG Jianqi, LENG Yanqiu, FAN Zhongjie, WANG Shaokai. 2020. Dynamic formation mechanism of landslide disaster on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Geomechanics, 26(5): 714-730. doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.059
shu

黄土高原滑坡灾害形成动力学机制

  • 1.

    长安大学地质工程与测绘学院, 陕西 西安 710054

  • 2.

    长安大学建筑工程学院, 陕西 西安 710061

  • 3.

    长江科学院水土保持研究所, 湖北 武汉 430010

  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金重大项目（41790441）
详细信息
    作者简介: 彭建兵(1953-), 男, 教授, 中国科学院院士, 主要从事工程地质与灾害地质方面的科研与教学工作。E-mail:dicexy_1@chd.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P642.22

    • 获奖者简历:
    彭建兵，长安大学教授，2015年荣获第14次李四光地质科学奖教师奖。长期从事工程地质、地质灾害及城市地质等教学与科研工作。在教学方面，长期担任教育部地质工程教学指导委员会委员，教学上他培养博士后、博士生和硕士生75人；在科研方面，对地裂缝灾害进行了系统研究，揭示了华北地区地裂缝的自然规律，创新了地裂缝成因理论，突破了国际地裂缝减灾难题；揭示黄土地质灾害的发育规律与成灾机理，推动黄土地质灾害研究的进步；提出区域稳定动力学研究的理论与方法体系，推动工程地质学的理论发展；解决了国家减灾防灾和重大工程建设中的一些重大地质科技问题。出版专著8部、发表论文130余篇。获国家科技进步二等奖1项、省部级科学技术一等奖3项。荣获“全国模范教师”称号。享受国务院政府特殊津贴。2019年11月22日，当选中国科学院院士。

Dynamic formation mechanism of landslide disaster on the Loess Plateau

  • 1.

    School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shannxi, China

  • 2.

    School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, Shannxi, China

  • 3.

    Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, Hubei, China

    摘要

  • 滑坡灾害是威胁黄土高原人民生命和财产安全、城镇与重大工程建设与运营的重大地质问题。针对黄土高原滑坡灾害形成的动力学机制问题，在大量的调查统计、试验与理论分析基础上，总结得出区域构造应力是黄土高原滑坡高发的主要驱动力，它是滑坡分区分带群发的控制因素，是黄土滑坡的"第一元凶"；边坡构造应力既造就了结构面，又不断地改造和松动着结构面，持续地肢解着边坡的完整性，它是单体滑坡形成的主要驱动力，是黄土滑坡的"第二元凶"；黄土是一种特殊的结构土，具有极强的水敏性，在土体应力驱动下极易灾变，黄土的这种易灾特性是土体灾变的内在原因，是黄土滑坡的"第三元凶"；大量的滑坡发生都与水有关，地表水大量渗入黄土浅表部，会引起浅表崩塌和溜滑灾害，而当水沿着微、细、宏观优势通道进入黄土深部后，就可能引起深层滑坡，因此，动水渗透作用是黄土滑坡的"主凶"；工程扰动既会改变边坡原有的应力状态，进而扩展和松动已有的结构面，现今，工程扰动已经成为一种诱发地质灾害的重要地质营力，是黄土滑坡的"帮凶"。

    Landslide disaster is a major geological problem that threatens the safety of people's life and property, and the construction and operation of towns and major projects on the Loess Plateau. Aiming at the dynamic formation mechanism of landslide on the Loess Plateau, based on a large number of investigation, statistics, tests and theoretical analysis, following conclusions were drawn: The regional tectonic stress is the main driving force for high occurrence of landslides. It is the controlling factor for landslides ocurring in different zones and belts and the first internal cause. The tectonic stress of the slope not only creates the structural surface, but also continuously alters and loosens the structural surface and dismembers the integrity of the slope. It is the main driving force for the formation of single landslide and the second internal cause of loess landslide. Loess is a kind of special structural soil with strong water sensitivity, which is prone to disasters under soil stress drive. This disaster-prone property of loess is the internal cause of soil disaster and the third internal cause of loess landslide. A large number of landslides are related to water. Surface water penetrates into the shallow surface of loess in large quantities, which will cause shallow surface collapse and sliding disasters. When water enters the deep loess along the micro, fine and macroscopic dominant channels, it may cause deep-seated landslides. Thus, the seepage of dynamic water is the major external cause of loess landslide. Construction disturbance will not only change the original stress state of slope, but also expand and loosen the existing structural plane. Nowadays, construction disturbance has become an important geological agent to induce geological disasters and is the secondary external cause of loess landslide.

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  • 图 1  黄土高原地质构造略图

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  西秦岭北缘断裂带及天水刘家堡滑坡

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  六盘山构造带及由其控制发育的滑坡

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  秦安盆地边缘滑坡

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  陕北滑坡分布及杨山输油站滑坡

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  渭河西段断裂及沿线滑坡

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  蒋刘村新老滑坡平硐

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  西庙店村平硐

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  白鹿原滑坡及平硐

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  黑方台的断层和构造节理

    Figure 10. 

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    图 11  黄土边坡典型地质结构

    Figure 11. 

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    图 12  黄土边坡结构体孕滑模式

    Figure 12. 

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    图 13  典型黄土孔径分布曲线

    Figure 13. 

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    图 14  水敏性黄土结构及强度软化线

    Figure 14. 

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    图 15  CTC不排水有效应力路径及不稳定区

    Figure 15. 

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    图 16  边坡静动水压变化模型图

    Figure 16. 

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    图 17  黄土滑坡双液化模型

    Figure 17. 

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    图 18  边坡开挖离心机试验结果

    Figure 18. 

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    图 19  堆载作用下边坡土体的应力变化

    Figure 19. 

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    图 20  堆载型滑坡的双滑带特征

    Figure 20. 

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收稿日期:  2020-08-11
修回日期:  2020-09-14
刊出日期:  2020-10-25

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