The metallogenic model of the sandstone-type copper deposits in the Kangcun area, Kuqa Basin, Xinjiang
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摘要:
新疆库车盆地分布着一系列砂岩型铜矿床和矿点，文章在野外调查的基础上开展康村地区铜矿沉积环境和成矿模式研究，总结了区内沉积环境、沉积相与铜矿化体的配置关系，进而探讨了矿化成因和成矿模式。结果表明：康村地区新近系中可以识别出主要的沉积相类型有冲积扇相、扇三角洲相和湖泊相，以及5种亚相和7种微相。砂岩型铜矿化与沉积环境相关，矿（化）体主要分布在扇三角洲平原相和扇三角洲前缘相。2件样品LA-ICP-MS测年数据分别为427.4±6.6 Ma、387.3±3.3 Ma和424.6±2.3 Ma、279.9±6.8 Ma，表明康村地区中新统吉迪克组（N1j）含铜砂砾岩的物源主要来自于库车盆地北西南天山造山带古生代晚志留世至早二叠世地质演化所形成的地层和岩浆岩产物。康村地区的矿化类型为砂岩型铜矿化，深部铜富集为硫酸盐热化学还原作用（TSR）型矿化成因，近地表矿化为后期盆地地上和地下卤水改造成因。库车盆地康村地区的铜矿化形成于新近系砂岩成岩之后，为后生富集，主要受新近纪后期断裂构造及后生卤水控制。
Abstract:A series of sandstone-type copper deposits and occurrence distribute in the Kuqa basin, Xinjiang. We carried out a research into the sedimentary environment and metallogenic model of the copper deposits in the Kangcun area based on field surveys. The relationship between the sedimentary environment/facies in the area and the copper mineralization were summarized so as to explore the genesis of mineralization and the metallogenic model. We identified main sedimentary facies types of alluvial fans, fan deltas, and lakes in the Neogene strata, and further identification of five subfacies and seven microfacies were made. Our research results reveal that the genesis of sandstone-type copper mineralization is related to the sedimentary environment, and the mineralized bodies are mainly distributed in fan delta plain facies and fan delta front facies. Detrital zircon dating results of two samples are 427.4±6.6 Ma, 387.3±3.3 Ma and 424.6±2.3 Ma, 279.9±6.8 Ma respectively. It indicates that the source of the copper-bearing sandy conglomerate in the Miocene Jidike Formation (N1j) is mainly from the strata and magmatic rock products formed by the geological evolution during the Late Silurian to Early Permian. The mineralization in the Kangcun area belongs to the sandstone-type copper mineralization. The deep copper enrichment is TSR-type mineralization, and the surface mineralization is caused by the surficial and underground brine. The copper mineralization in the Kangcun area was formed after the diagenesis of Neogene sandstone. It is epigenetic enrichment, and is mainly controlled by fault structure and epigenetic brine in the Late Neogene.
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Key words:
- Kuqa basin /
- sandstone-type copper deposit /
- LA-ICP-MS /
- sedimentary environment /
- metallogenic model
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图 3 库车盆地新近纪以来沉积相模式及沉积相分布(据李鑫等, 2013; 时文革等, 2015修改)
Figure 3.
表 1 库车前陆盆地康村地区沉积相划分
Table 1. Division of sedimentary facies in the Kangcun area, Kuqa foreland basin
沉积体系 沉积相 亚相 微相 分布地层 冲积扇-扇三角洲 冲积扇相 库车组、第四系 扇三角洲相 扇三角洲平原 分流河道、分流间湾 吉迪克组—康村组 扇三角洲前缘 水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口沙坝、前缘席状砂 前扇三角洲 湖泊 湖泊相 滨浅湖 吉迪克组—库车组 膏岩湖 膏岩沉积 
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