Detection of the Late Quaternary activity of the Liaocheng-Lankao Fault in the south-central part of the North China Plain: Discussion on the seismogenic mechanism of the 1937 Heze M 7.0 earthquake
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摘要:
华北平原是中国人口最多、经济最为发达的地区之一，也是受地震灾害影响最为严重的地区之一。对于该地区断裂活动性和大地震发震机制的研究有利于探索板内地震的发震规律、减轻地震灾害所造成的损失。聊城-兰考断裂是华北平原中南部一条重要的隐伏深大断裂。结合浅层地震勘探、钻孔勘探和第四纪测年方法，对聊城-兰考断裂的活动性进行了精细的研究。坝城寺钻孔揭示聊城-兰考断裂南段错断了全新统底界，为全新世早期活动断裂，揭露出该断裂晚更新世以来造成了4次古地震事件，单次事件的垂直位错为1.2±0.2~3.7±0.2 m。根据钻孔揭示的地层落差计算出该断裂晚更新世早期的平均垂直滑动速率约为0.1±0.05 mm/a，晚更新世晚期—全新世中期的平均滑动速率为0.35±0.04 mm/a。根据1937年菏泽7.0级和6
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关键词:
- 华北平原 /
- 聊城-兰考断裂 /
- 浅层地震探测剖面 /
- 钻孔联合剖面 /
- 1937年菏泽7.0级地震
Abstract:Objective The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most populated and economically developed areas in China and is a region with a high level of seismic hazards. Studying the Quaternary activity of the faults and the seismogenic mechanism of the large earthquakes in NCP is conducive to exploring the seismogenic pattern of intraplate earthquakes and reducing the damage caused by seismic hazards. The Liaocheng-Lankao fault (LLF) is an important buried deep major fault in the south-central part of the NCP. The activity of the LLF and its relationship with the 1937 Heze M 7.0 earthquake is still highly controversial.
Methods In this study, the activity of the Liaocheng-Liaokao fault is finely studied by combining shallow seismic exploration, drilling, and Quaternary dating methods.
Results Shallow seismic reflection profile ZF-2 reveals that the strata below 145 m are obviously displaced, and the strata above 145 m are disturbed. The Bachengsi drilling profile reveals 16 sets of marker layers and three west-dipping normal faults Fa, Fb, and Fc; they form a "compound Y" structure in the profile, of which Fa displaces the bottom boundary of the Holocene (burial depth of approximately 38.9 m) and is an early Holocene active fault. It also reveals four paleoseismic events since the Late Pleistocene, with vertical displacement of 1.2±0.2 to 3.7±0.2 m for a single event. Based on the stratigraphic offsets in the boreholes, the average vertical slip rate of this fault is calculated to be about 0.1±0.05 mm/a for the early Late Pleistocene and 0.35±0.04 mm/a for the late Late Pleistocene-middle Holocene. The fitted age-depth curves by the test results of seven 14C samples and four OSL samples can be divided into two segments. Within the depth range of 0 to 86.0 m (approximately 21 to 0 ka), the age and depth of the strata conform to the formula y=(253.69±16.56)x+(924.72±681.36), from which the average deposition rate of this section is calculated to be 3.94±0.26 mm/a. Within the depth range of 102.9 to 145.4 m (approximately 128 to 59 ka), the age and depth of the strata conform to the formula y=(1470.67±259.91)x+(-95061.92±30190.73), from which the average deposition rate of this section is calculated to be 0.68±0.12 mm/a. The vertical slip rate of the LLF and the sedimentation rate of the Dongpu Sag have increased significantly since the late Late Pleistocene. The intensity lines of the Heze M 7.0 earthquake show an asymmetric butterfly shape.
Conclusion The 1937 Heze M 7.0 and M 6
${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $ ${\raise0.7ex\hbox{$3$} \!\mathord{\left/{\vphantom {3 4}}\right.}\!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$4$}} $ Significance This article proposes a method for fine detection of the localization, structure, latest activity age, sliding rate, and paleoseismic sequences of the buried fault and also proposes a pattern of seismicity in which seismogenic faults do not coincide with the regional seismic controlling fault. It provides new insights into the characterization of seismicity within the NCP and can provide the geological basis for urban and rural planning, high-speed railway design, and earthquake prevention and disaster reduction project construction in this region.
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表 1 14C样品测年结果
Table 1. Test results of 14C samples
取样钻孔 埋深/m 年龄/a ZK2 6.0 2750±30 ZK4 16.8 4110±30 ZK4 38.4 12270±40 ZK4 52.0 14500±40 ZK4 69.6 18800±60 ZK5 77.4 19980±70 ZK4 86.0 21150±70 
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表 2 光释光(OSL)样品测试结果
Table 2. Test results of OSL samples
取样钻孔 埋深/m U/(μg/g) Th/(μg/g) K/% 环境剂量率(Gy/ka) 等效剂量(Gy) 年龄/ka ZK5 102.9 0.771±0.03 3.68±0.04 2.26±0.02 2.32±0.09 137.11±5.51 59.22±3.37 ZK4 115.4 2.650±0.11 13.10±0.03 1.92±0.02 2.96±0.11 207.12±9.19 69.97±4.08 ZK4 131.8 1.570±0.01 10.30±0.21 2.22±0.01 2.81±0.11 258.33±13.31 92.09±5.91 ZK4 145.4 2.530±0.01 12.00±0.20 1.75±0.02 2.55±0.09 328.40±12.97 128.73±6.84
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表 3 标志层错断位移
Table 3. The displacement information of the mark layers
标志层 岩芯特征 埋深/m Fa位移/m Fb位移/m Fc位移/m 总位移/m B1 灰黑色炭质黏土层 7.2 / / / / B2 砖红色—橘黄色粉细砂层 20.5 / / / / B3 青灰—灰黄色巨厚细砂层的底界面 38.9 1.25±0.20 / / 1.25±0.20 B4 灰黑色炭质黏土层 54.65 1.05±0.20 / / 1.05±0.10 B5 紫红色黏土层 58.35 1.2±0.1 / / 1.2±0.1 B6 灰黑—深灰色炭质黏土层 65.55 1.65±0.10 1.2±0.1 / 2.8±0.2 B8 蓝灰—黄灰色黏土层 73.5 1.5±0.2 / / / B9 灰绿色黏土层 81.5 2.25±0.20 1.2±0.2 / 3.95±0.20 B10 紫红色色黏土层 90.5 2.25±0.20 1.35±0.20 / 4.25±0.20 B13 紫红色含蓝灰色网纹黏土层 105.9 2.0±0.2 1.2±0.2 2.1±0.2 6.2±0.3 B14 灰绿色黏土层 124.5 / / 1.95±0.20 / B15 灰黄色细砂层 132.7 3.7±0.2 3.7±0.2 2.9±0.2 6.6±0.3 B16 紫红色黏土层 141.2 3.4±0.3 3.4±0.3 6.6±0.2 10.0±0.4
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