Factors controlling enrichment and accumulation of Devonian–Carboniferous shale gas in the Yaziluo rift trough in the Yunnan–Guizhou–Guangxi region
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摘要:
相比于四川盆地及周缘五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气富集成藏特征，滇黔桂地区页岩气的富集成藏条件更加复杂，目前滇黔桂地区的页岩气勘探程度较低，页岩气富集成藏主控因素不清。基于滇黔桂地区页岩气的基础调查与已有的大量成果，对其泥盆系—石炭系页岩的沉积特征、成岩/生烃热演化特征、储集特征、成藏模式及保存条件进行了系统地分析与总结。研究表明，泥盆系—石炭系富有机质页岩的沉积主要受控于裂陷海槽，富有机质页岩甜点段主要形成于深水相沉积的海侵体系域和早期高水位体系域；区域性海平面上升带来丰富的营养物质，促进水体中生物繁殖，产生强大的生物生产力，为富有机质沉积物的形成提供了良好的物质基础。同时地震剖面解释发现，沿主裂陷槽分布的大部分地区受后期构造活动破坏影响大，导致页岩气保存条件变差；而主裂陷槽周缘的次级裂陷槽构造相对稳定，为页岩气保存提供了良好的条件。在此基础上，提出滇黔桂地区泥盆系—石炭系“裂陷槽沉积、深水岩相控烃、次级裂陷槽构造保存”的页岩气富集成藏主控模式，并已通过多口钻井钻探得到证实。研究成果可为今后该地区的页岩气有利区优选及参数井钻探提供指导。
Abstract:Objective Compared with the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery, the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region has more complex conditions for the enrichment and accumulation of shale gas. Currently, the exploration degree of shale gas in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is relatively low, and the main factors controlling the enrichment and accumulation of shale gas are unclear.
Methods This paper relies on a large number of studies from the basic surveys of shale gas and major special projects in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region. The research includes the sedimentary characteristics, diagenesis, hydrocarbon generation, thermal evolution characteristics, shale reservoir characteristics, accumulation patterns, and preservation conditions of the Devonian-Carboniferous shale in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region.
Results The research indicated that the deposition of Devonian-Carboniferous organic-rich shale was mainly controlled by rift troughs, and the sweet spots of organic-rich shale were mainly formed in the transgressive system tract and the early highstand system tract of deep-water facies sedimentation. The regional sea level rise has brought abundant nutrients, promoting the wealth of organisms in the water body and generating strong biological productivity, which provides a good material basis for the formation of organic-rich sediments. Seismic interpretation reveals that most of the areas distributed along the main rift trough are greatly affected by destruction by late-stage tectonic activities, leading to the deterioration of the preservation conditions of shale gas. In contrast, the secondary rift troughs around the main rift trough have relatively stable structures, providing good conditions for the preservation of shale gas.
Conclusion On this basis, the main controlling model for the enrichment and accumulation of shale gas in the Devonian-Carboniferous system in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region is proposed: "rift trough deposition, deep-water lithofacies controlled hydrocarbon generation, and structural preservation in secondary rift troughs". The model has been confirmed through the drilling of multiple wells. [Significance] The results of this research can be used as a guide for the optimal selection of favorable shale gas areas and for the drilling of parameter wells in the future.
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