Study on the activity of the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and geological safety risks and prevention methods
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摘要:
沿青藏高原雅鲁藏布江缝合带修建的高原铁路穿越错那−沃卡活动断裂带，而断裂活动引起同震地表错动造成的工程错断、隧道变形、地质灾害等危害，是铁路运营阶段面临的重要地质安全风险。基于遥感解译、野外调查并结合已有研究成果，分析了穿越高原铁路的错那−沃卡断裂带的发育特征、活动性及其对铁路工程的影响。研究结果表明，错那−沃卡断裂带由5条北东走向的分支断裂组成，其中沃卡盆地西边界断裂（F2-1、F2-2）为晚更新世活动断裂，沃卡盆地东边界断裂（F2-4、F2-5）为全新世活动断裂，盆地内部断裂F2-3为1915年桑日MS 7.0地震的发震断裂。根据断裂活动造成的变形迹象考察以及活动断裂类型来估算断裂影响范围，未来错那−沃卡断裂带的分支断裂发生同震地表错动时，可能对穿越断裂带的藏嘎隧道和桑珠岭隧道造成变形破坏，断裂活动影响范围宽度为16~30 m。因此，建议加强对高原铁路穿越活动断裂区段的强震变形、工程错断等地质安全风险防控对策研究。文章研究结果为指导高原铁路安全运营和防灾减灾，以及为其他铁路线的活动断裂工程影响评价提供参考。
Abstract:Objective The Plateau Railway, constructed along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, crosses the active Cuona-Woka Fault Zone. Coseismic surface rupture caused by the active fault leads to engineering breaks, tunnel deformation, and geological disasters; it poses a significant geological safety risk during railway operation.
Methods Based on remote sensing, field investigation, and published research, this paper analyzes the development characteristics, activity, and impact of the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone on the Plateau Railway that it intersects.
Results The study shows that the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone consists of five northeast-trending branch faults. The western boundary faults of the Woka Basin (F2-1, F2-2) show Late Pleistocene activity, the eastern boundary faults of the Woka Basin (F2-4, F2-5) have Holocene activity, and the F2-3 fault within the basin is the seismogenic fault of the 1915 MS 7.0 Sangri earthquake. Based on the deformation signs caused by fault activity and the types of active faults, it is estimated that future coseismic surface ruptures of the branch faults of the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone may cause deformation and damage to the Zangga tunnel and the Sangzhuling tunnel, which cross the fault zone, with an impact width of approximately 16~30 m.
Conclusion Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen research on geological safety risk prevention measures for strong seismic deformation and engineering breaks in the sections of the Plateau Railway crossing the active fault zone. [Significance] The results of the study provide guidance for safe operation and disaster prevention and mitigation of the Plateau Railway, as well as a reference for the impact assessment of active fault engineering on other railway lines.
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Key words:
- Plateau Railway /
- Cuona-Woka /
- active faults /
- geological safety /
- engineering breaks /
- risk prevention and control
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表 1 错那−沃卡断裂带断层活动对高原铁路工程影响评价表
Table 1. Evaluation of the impact of fault activity on the Plateau Railway project in the Cuona-Woka Fault Zone
断裂名称 编号 产状 断裂
性质活动
时代断裂带宽度/m 变形带宽度/m 影响线路位置 走向 倾向 沃卡盆地西边界断裂 F2-1 由北东向转北北东向 北西向 正断 晚更新世 0 16 藏嘎隧道 沃卡盆地西边界断裂 F2-2 由北东向转南北走向 南东向 正断 晚更新世 0 16 沃卡盆地盆内断裂 F2-3 北东向 南东向 正断 全新世 0 30 沃卡盆地东边界断裂 F2-4 由北东向转南北走向 由北西向转向西 正断 全新世 0 30 桑珠岭隧道 沃卡盆地东边界断裂 F2-5 由北东向转南北走向 由北西向转向西 正断 全新世 0 30 
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