Study on the coupling between the hanging- and foot-wall beds and the gas content of deep coal seams in the Linxing area, eastern margin of the Ordos Basin
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摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴地区的深层煤层气有巨大的勘探开发潜力，已经成为重点勘探开发区。研究表明煤层顶底板对煤层气的富集保存有重要作用，但目前尚未开展深层煤层顶底板对含气性影响的系统研究，二者的耦合关系不清楚。为丰富深层煤层气富集理论，综合应用测井、钻井和录井等资料，针对临兴地区8+9号煤层顶底板特征与含气性的耦合关系展开了研究。研究结果发现，临兴地区本溪组—太原组发育障壁−潮坪−潟湖沉积体系，8+9号煤层主要发育于潮上带、泥炭坪和泥炭沼泽，顶底板沉积环境为泥坪、潟湖、灰坪和砂坪沉积微相。受沉积环境的影响顶底板主要由灰岩、泥岩和砂岩3种岩性构成；煤层顶板和底板厚度平面分布变化较大，顶板厚度介于1.90～19.00 m，底板厚度介于1.99～21.19 m；具有顶灰底泥型、顶泥底灰型、顶泥底泥型、顶泥底砂型、顶砂底灰型、顶砂底泥型、顶砂底砂型7种不同的顶底板岩性组合。进一步研究顶底板特征与煤层含气量的关系发现，顶灰底泥型、顶泥底灰型和顶泥底泥型煤层呈现出高含气量的特征；顶泥底砂型和顶砂底灰型煤层呈现较高含气量的特征；顶砂底泥型和顶砂底砂型煤层呈现低含气量的特征；同一岩性下，顶底板厚度越大，煤层含气量越高，顶底板厚度与含气量呈正相关。利用层次分析法可划分为3类深层煤层顶底板与含气性的耦合模式：Ⅰ类（耦合关系好）含气量大于15 m3/t、Ⅱ类（耦合关系较好）含气量范围为12～15 m3/t、Ⅲ类（耦合关系差）含气量小于12 m3/t。该研究成果明确了深层煤层顶底板对含气量的控制作用，对深层煤层气的有利区评价、优选和开采具有重要的指导意义，并进一步丰富了深层煤层气富集理论。
Abstract:Objective The deep coalbed methane in the Linxing area at the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin has great potential for exploration and development and has become a key exploration and development target. Research shows that the hanging- and foot-wall beds of the coal seams play an important role in the enrichment and preservation of coalbed methane. At present, there is lack of systematic research on the influence of the hanging- and foot-wall beds of deep coal seams on the gas content, and the coupling between them is not clear. This study aims to extend the theory of methane enrichment in deep coal beds.
Method Through the comprehensive application of logging, drilling, and mud logging data and the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the coupling between the characteristics of the hanging- and foot-wall beds of the No. 8+9 coal seam and its gas-bearing property were studied.
Results The research results are as follows: (1) In the Linxing area, the Benxi Formation–Taiyuan Formation developed in a barrier-tidal flat-lagoon sedimentary system. The No. 8+9 coal seam mainly developed in the supratidal zone, peat flat, and peat swamp, and the sedimentary environments of the hanging- and foot-wall beds are sedimentary microfacies such as mud flat, lagoon, ash flat, and sand flat. (2) Influenced by the sedimentary environments, the hanging- and foot-wall beds are mainly composed of three lithologies, namely limestone, mudstone, and sandstone. The thicknesses of the hanging- and foot-wall beds of the coal seam vary greatly along the lateral extent. The thickness of the hanging-wall bed ranges from 1.90 to 19.00 m, and the thickness of the foot-wall bed ranges from 1.99 to 21.19 m. There are seven different lithological combinations of the hanging- and foot-wall beds, including top-limestone bottom-mud, top-mud bottom-limestone, top-mud bottom-mud, top-mud bottom-sand, top-sand bottom-limestone, top-sand bottom-mud, and top-sand bottom-sand. (3) Further research on the relationship between the characteristics of the hanging- and foot-wall and the gas content of the coal seam shows that the coal seams in top-limestone bottom-mud, top-mud bottom-limestone, and top-mud bottom-mud associations exhibit the highest gas contents; the coal seams in top-mud bottom-sand and top-sand bottom-limestone associations exhibit relatively high gas contents; the coal seams in top-sand bottom-mud and top-sand bottom-sand associations exhibit low gas contents. Within the same lithology, the greater the thickness of the hanging- and foot-wall beds, the higher the gas content of the coal seam, and there is a positive correlation between the thicknesses of the hanging- and foot-wall beds and the gas content.
Conclusion According to the research results, three types of coupling models between the hanging- and foot-wall of deep coal seams and their gas-bearing properties are distinguished: Type I (good coupling) with a gas content of more than 15 m³/t, Type II (relatively good coupling) with a gas content of 12 to 15 m³/t, and Type III (poor coupling) with a gas content of less than 12 m³/t. [Significance] The research results have clarified the controlling effect of the hanging- and foot-wall beds of deep coal seams on the gas content, which has important significance for guiding the evaluation, optimization, and mining of areas favorable for deep coalbed methane, and further extends the theory of deep coalbed methane enrichment.
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表 1 各因素权重表
Table 1. Weight table of each factor
准测层 权重 指标层 权重 综合权重 岩性 0.56 顶板岩性 0.39 0.22 底板岩性 0.24 0.13 厚度 0.44 顶板厚度（D1） 0.26 0.11 底板厚度（D2） 0.11 0.05 
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表 2 随机一致性指标表
Table 2. Stochastic consistency indicators
矩阵阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RI 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.49
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表 3 指标赋值转化参考标准表
Table 3. Index assignment conversion reference standard table
指标量化赋值 1 2 3 顶板岩性 砂岩 泥岩 灰岩 底板岩性 砂岩 泥岩 灰岩 顶板厚度（D1；灰岩、泥岩） D1<5 10>D1≥5 D1≥10 底板厚度（D2；灰岩、泥岩） D2<5 10>D2≥5 D2≥10 顶板厚度（D1；砂岩） D1≥10 10>D1≥5 D1<5 底板厚度（D2；砂岩） D2≥10 10>D2≥5 D2<5
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表 4 深层煤层顶底板综合特征与含气量耦合关系
Table 4. Relationship between characteristics of the hanging- and foot-wall beds and the gas content in a deep coal seam
岩性组合类型 顶板厚度（D1）/m 底板厚度（D2）/m 指标
总分平均含气
量/（m3/t）含气性耦
合关系顶灰底泥型 10>D1≥5 D2≥10 1.29 19.51 好 D1<5 D2≥10 1.18 16.01 好 10>D2≥5 1.13 15.86 好 顶泥底灰型 10>D1≥5 D2<5 1.10 16.10 好 D1<5 D2<5 0.99 14.60 较好 顶泥底泥型 D1≥10 D2≥10 1.18 17.11 好 10>D2≥5 1.13 17.05 好 D2<5 1.08 15.60 好 10>D1≥5 D2≥10 1.07 15.33 好 10>D2≥5 1.02 15.02 好 D2<5 0.97 14.86 较好 D1<5 D2≥10 0.96 14.48 较好 10>D2≥5 0.91 13.63 较好 D2<5 0.86 13.38 较好 顶泥底砂型 10>D1≥5 10>D2≥5 0.89 14.67 较好 顶砂底灰型 10>D1≥5 D2<5 0.88 13.60 较好 顶砂底泥型 D1≥10 10>D2≥5 0.69 10.52 差 10>D1≥5 D2≥10 0.85 11.60 差 10>D2≥5 0.80 11.61 差 D2<5 0.75 11.88 差 D1<5 10>D2≥5 0.91 13.40 较好 D2<5 0.86 13.46 较好 顶砂底砂型 D1<5 D2<5 0.72 11.30 差
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