Genesis of the gneissic biotite granite in Lanhe, northern Guangdong: Constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes, and geochemistry
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摘要:
粤北澜河岩体位于诸广山岩体东南缘，主要岩石类型为片麻状黑云母花岗岩，其岩石成因尚未厘定。因此，对澜河片麻状黑云母花岗岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素研究。U-Pb定年结果显示澜河片麻状黑云母花岗岩的侵位年龄为427±2 Ma，为加里东期岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示其SiO2含量为71.53%～75.41%，具有较高的全碱含量（K2O+Na2O=7.57%～8.23%）和A/CNK值（1.00~1.06），富集Rb、Th、U、K，亏损Ba、Y、Nb、Ta、Sr、Yb等元素，LREE/HREE为9.49～28.15，Eu负异常明显（δEu=0.21～0.76）。样品的锆石εHf(t)均为负值（−11.8～−5.2），对应二阶段Hf模式年龄（tDM2）值为2129～1806 Ma。该结果表明澜河片麻状黑云母花岗岩为高分异I型花岗岩，主要由地壳变质砂岩和变质泥岩部分熔融形成，可能是古元古代基底在新元古代—早古生代多期改造后的产物。综合研究认为澜河片麻状黑云母花岗岩形成于华南早古生代的同碰撞构造环境。结合区域地质资料，澜河岩体可能是华南加里东期造山运动从挤压增厚向后碰撞伸展的转变的产物，这一转变可能与华南内部的构造重组或外部板块的俯冲碰撞有关。
Abstract:Objective The Lanhe pluton in northern Guangdong is located at the southeastern margin of the Zhuguangshan Complex and is primarily composed of gneissic biotite granite; its petrogenesis has not yet been determined.
Methods This study applied LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotope analyses to the Lanhe gneissic biotite granite.
Results U–Pb dating indicates that the emplacement age of the Lanhe gneissic biotite granite is 427 ± 2 Ma, representing a product of the Caledonian magmatic activity. The geochemical characteristics show that the granite has SiO2 contents ranging from 71.53% to 75.41%, high total alkali contents (K2O + Na2O = 7.57%–8.23%), and high A/CNK values (1.00–1.06). It is enriched in Rb, Th, U, and K, but depleted in Ba, Y, Nb, Ta, Sr, and Yb. The LREE/HREE ratios range from 9.49 to 28.15, with significant Eu negative anomalies (δEu = 0.21–0.76). The zircon εHf(t) values of the samples are all negative (–11.8 to –5.2), with corresponding tDM2 values of 1806–2129 Ma.
Conclusion Based on the geochemical and isotopic characteristics, the Lanhe gneissic biotite granite is identified as a highly fractionated I-type granite, primarily formed by partial melting of crustal metasedimentary rocks, including metagraywacke and metapelite. It is likely a product of the multi-stage reworking of the Paleoproterozoic basement during the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic. The comprehensive study suggests that the Lanhe gneissic biotite granite formed in a syn-collisional tectonic setting during the Early Paleozoic in South China. [Significance] Integrated with the Zhuguang magmatic system and regional geological data, the Lanhe pluton likely represents a product of the transition from compressional thickening to post-collisional extension during the Caledonian Orogeny in South China. This transition may have been associated with intracontinental tectonic reorganization or external subduction–collision processes.
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Key words:
- Lanhe pluton /
- zircon U–Pb Dating /
- geochemistry /
- granite /
- tectonic environment
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图 7 澜河片麻状黑云母花岗岩微量元素和稀土元素图解（标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough，1989）
Figure 7.
表 1 澜河岩体LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb同位素定年分析结果
Table 1. LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb isotopic data of the Lanhe pluton
测点号 U Th Pb 207Pb/206Pb 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U 207Pb/235U 206Pb/238U /（×10−6） 同位素比值 2σ 同位素比值 2σ 同位素比值 2σ 年龄/Ma 2σ 年龄/Ma 2σ 21ZG03-1-1 274 72 22 0.0581 0.0037 0.5479 0.0349 0.0684 0.0016 444 23 426 9 21ZG03-1-2 419 47 32 0.0541 0.0032 0.5128 0.0349 0.0686 0.0020 420 23 428 12 21ZG03-1-3 534 56 40 0.0549 0.0033 0.5301 0.0354 0.0688 0.0026 432 23 429 16 21ZG03-1-4 654 36 49 0.0535 0.0026 0.5048 0.0256 0.0684 0.0014 415 17 427 8 21ZG03-1-5 488 57 37 0.0537 0.0035 0.4952 0.0304 0.0673 0.0016 408 21 420 9 21ZG03-1-6 208 55 16 0.0500 0.0036 0.4733 0.0368 0.0688 0.0023 393 25 429 14 21ZG03-1-7 785 52 59 0.0522 0.0023 0.4957 0.0234 0.0687 0.0014 409 16 429 9 21ZG03-1-8 547 69 42 0.0546 0.0028 0.5105 0.0280 0.0676 0.0013 419 19 422 8 21ZG03-1-9 485 70 37 0.0537 0.0028 0.4975 0.0264 0.0673 0.0017 410 18 420 10 21ZG03-1-10 923 88 69 0.0531 0.0026 0.5053 0.0262 0.0690 0.0018 415 18 430 11 21ZG03-1-11 1401 120 107 0.0527 0.0023 0.4952 0.0218 0.0681 0.0012 408 15 425 7 21ZG03-1-12 961 269 77 0.0543 0.0026 0.5137 0.0255 0.0686 0.0017 421 17 428 10 21ZG03-1-13 448 60 34 0.0541 0.0034 0.5035 0.0312 0.0676 0.0017 414 21 422 10 21ZG03-1-14 754 60 57 0.0519 0.0027 0.4906 0.0270 0.0685 0.0017 405 18 427 10 21ZG03-1-15 519 66 39 0.0514 0.0027 0.4778 0.0249 0.0675 0.0016 397 17 421 10 21ZG03-1-16 654 751 62 0.0539 0.0025 0.5082 0.0266 0.0682 0.0018 417 18 425 11 21ZG03-1-17 1194 77 90 0.0531 0.0021 0.5070 0.0242 0.0690 0.0018 416 16 430 11 21ZG03-1-18 765 58 60 0.0540 0.0023 0.5299 0.0249 0.0710 0.0016 432 17 442 10 21ZG03-1-19 582 54 47 0.0572 0.0026 0.5538 0.0274 0.0701 0.0018 448 18 437 11 21ZG03-1-20 367 57 29 0.0550 0.0033 0.5168 0.0315 0.0680 0.0014 423 21 424 9 21ZG03-1-21 727 90 57 0.0542 0.0024 0.5176 0.0248 0.0691 0.0014 424 17 430 8 21ZG03-1-22 790 43 59 0.0529 0.0028 0.5141 0.0276 0.0706 0.0019 421 18 440 12 21ZG03-1-23 576 97 46 0.0550 0.0026 0.5156 0.0248 0.0679 0.0011 422 17 424 7 21ZG03-1-24 1148 124 88 0.0543 0.0021 0.5152 0.0225 0.0688 0.0018 422 15 429 11 21ZG03-1-25 906 86 69 0.0551 0.0023 0.5231 0.0247 0.0687 0.0018 427 16 429 11 21ZG03-1-26 399 44 30 0.0570 0.0031 0.5457 0.0339 0.0692 0.0019 442 22 431 12 21ZG03-1-27 749 63 58 0.0545 0.0027 0.5149 0.0254 0.0686 0.0012 422 17 428 7 
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表 2 澜河岩体主量（%）和微量元素（×10−6）组成
Table 2. Major (%) and trace element (×10−6 ) contents of the granites of the Lanhe pluton
岩性 黑云母花岗岩 样品编号 21ZG03-1 21ZG03-2 21ZG03-3 21ZG03-4 21ZG03-5 样品编号 21ZG03-1 21ZG03-2 21ZG03-3 21ZG03-4 21ZG03-5 SiO2 73.81 71.53 75.41 72.43 73.28 Pr 11.38 15.54 4.93 12.42 10.69 TiO2 0.28 0.40 0.20 0.32 0.28 Sr 86.49 78.10 75.91 55.22 117.78 Al2O3 13.68 14.04 11.93 13.17 13.39 Nd 44.08 58.15 18.15 45.65 37.68 TFe2O3 2.21 3.10 1.57 2.25 1.80 Zr 145.20 177.07 61.26 158.05 153.42 MnO 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.02 Hf 4.71 5.57 2.07 5.17 5.10 MgO 0.50 0.69 0.36 0.50 0.45 Sm 8.59 11.63 3.81 11.31 5.86 CaO 1.71 1.70 1.15 1.34 1.51 Eu 0.82 0.84 0.80 0.80 1.24 Na2O 2.73 2.74 2.25 2.65 2.32 Y 8.31 10.28 7.57 23.87 6.09 K2O 4.85 5.27 5.64 5.36 5.92 Yb 0.45 0.58 0.50 1.42 0.44 P2O5 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 Lu 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.23 0.07 LOI 0.59 0.57 1.02 1.39 0.55 Gd 6.44 8.73 3.29 10.99 3.64 SUM 100.41 100.10 99.58 99.52 99.53 Tb 0.66 0.87 0.37 1.40 0.37 Na2O+K2O 7.57 8.01 7.89 8.02 8.23 Dy 2.55 3.05 1.77 5.95 1.51 K2O/Na2O 1.78 1.93 2.51 2.02 2.55 Ho 0.33 0.43 0.28 0.87 0.23 A/NK 1.40 1.37 1.21 1.29 1.31 Er 0.65 0.83 0.66 1.95 0.54 A/CNK 1.06 1.05 1.00 1.04 1.03 Tm 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.23 0.07 CaO/Na2O 0.63 0.62 0.51 0.51 0.65 ΣREE 219.93 292.45 95.01 241.80 200.34 Al2O3/TiO2 48.68 34.83 59.96 41.80 47.47 LREE 208.71 277.79 87.99 218.76 193.47 Rb 186.46 238.32 205.64 208.07 224.03 HREE 11.22 14.66 7.02 23.04 6.87 Ba 489.10 459.74 503.00 461.83 639.68 LREE/HREE 18.60 18.94 12.53 9.49 28.15 Th 37.22 51.46 13.93 33.28 63.43 LaN/YbN 70.10 72.23 25.82 22.44 69.84 U 2.92 4.16 2.02 4.01 3.58 δEu 0.32 0.24 0.68 0.21 0.76 Nb 11.26 14.67 8.31 10.55 6.62 TZr℃ 758.37 771.32 695.06 767.49 762.36 Ta 0.31 0.44 0.21 0.29 0.21 La 46.72 61.61 19.17 46.85 45.14 Ce 97.11 130.02 41.12 101.73 92.87
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