Theory and method of mapping the lower crust
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摘要:
一个地区某个时段的下地壳是什么情况，很难了解清楚，究其原因是没有有效的方法手段。最近对花岗岩起源的研究表明，花岗岩来源于下地壳变质岩的部分熔融，与熔融残留相处于平衡，因此，可以根据地表花岗岩的特征反演下地壳变质岩的特征。变质岩研究的进展表明，可以根据不同温压条件构建不同组成变质岩的视剖面图，据此推测发生部分熔融时形成的熔体性质。这2个方面结合起来，即构成下地壳填图的理论基础，据此了解下地壳底部的情况，下地壳填图方法也由此而来。本文探讨了下地壳填图的方法，讨论目前下地壳地质图可能表达的图面内容，并着重讨论花岗岩可以给出的下地壳信息，提出对待争论问题的处理原则；讨论在没有花岗岩出露的情况下如何填图的问题，以及沉积、地层、古生物、矿产、构造等可能提供的下地壳信息，重点推荐镜质组反射率方法。此外，基于下地壳填图的意义及其局限性，以山西省早白垩世下地壳地质图作为实例，探讨了下地壳填图的作用和意义。
Abstract:The condition of the lower crust in a region at a certain time is a question that has not been considered by academia, for the reason that there is no means. Our recent research on the origin of granite shows that granite is derived from partial melting of lower crust metamorphic rocks, and the granite is in equilibrium with the melt residual phase. Therefore, we can invert the characteristics of metamorphic rocks in the lower crust based on the characteristics of granite at the surface. On the other hand, the progress in the research of metamorphic rock indicate that it is possible to construct apparent profiles of metamorphic rocks of different compositions according to different temperature and pressure conditions, and to infer the properties of the melts formed during partial melting. The combination of these two aspects forms the theoretical basis for the mapping of the lower crustal, based on which to understand the conditions at the bottom of the lower crust, and thus the mapping method of the lower crust is derived. This paper discusses the method of mapping the lower crust, discusses the content of the lower crustal geological map that may be expressed in the current situation, focuses on the lower crustal information can be given by granite, and puts forward the principles for dealing with controversial issues. It also discusses how to map the lower crust in the absence of granite outcropping, and the information of the lower crust that may be provided by sedimentation, stratigraphy, paleontology, minerals, and structure are discussed, and the vitrinite reflectance method is recommended. In addition, the significance and limitations of lower crustal mapping are also discussed. At last, we discussed the function and significance of lower crust mapping by taking the geological map of the lower crust in the Early Cretaceous of Shanxi Province as an example.
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Key words:
- geological map of lower crust /
- mapping methods /
- granite /
- vitrinite reflectance
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图 5 镜质组反射率与变质级别、温度、煤阶、有机碳，有机氮等的关系（据Fjeldskaar et al., 2008）
Figure 5.
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