Main controlling factors of enrichment and accumulation pattern of Carboniferous Ceshui Formation shale gas in Lianyuan sag, Central Hunan
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摘要:
湘中坳陷是是四川盆地外围页岩气勘探的重要区域，石炭系测水组是页岩气重点产出层位。以区内次级构造涟源凹陷为研究对象，基于野外剖面和钻井资料、分析测试及现场实测含气性数据，开展测水组页岩气地质条件与差异分布特征研究，并探讨页岩气富集主控因素与成藏模式。结果表明：①潟湖沉积相区测水组发育暗色泥页岩，厚度为30~80 m，有机质以Ⅱ型为主，总有机碳含量（TOC）大于1.5%，2.0%＜Ro＜3.0%，具备良好的生烃基础；②测水组主要为高脆性矿物的硅质页岩，储集空间包括有机质孔、无机质孔与裂缝，具特低孔特低渗特征；③测水组气藏的形成主要经历早期原地聚集—中期调整改造—晚期逸散−残留3个演化阶段，主成藏改造期为中侏罗世—早白垩世；④潟湖相还原环境发育的富有机质页岩是测水组气藏形成的物质基础，热演化程度是富集成藏的重要影响因素，保存条件是成藏的关键，层内滑脱是气体富集程度的控制条件。通过综合分析，建立了测水组“沉积环境控区、构造−滑脱双重控保定富”的页岩气成藏模式，潟湖相区的向斜构造为有利富集区，翼部封闭性逆断层下盘为有利富集部位。
Abstract:The central Hunan depression is an important area for shale gas exploration in the periphery of the Sichuan Basin, and the Carboniferous Ceshui Formation is the key shale gas layer in this area. Taking the secondary structure Lianyuan sag in the area as the object, based on the field stratigraphic section and drilling data, experimental analysis and field gas−bearing monitoring data, the geological conditions and differential distribution characteristics of shale gas accumulation of the Ceshui Formation were studied. The main controlling factors of enrichment and accumulation pattern of shale gas were discussed above. The results show that: ①Dark shale are mainly developed in the lagoon sedimentary facies area. The shale with a thickness of 30~80 m. The organic matter is mainly type II, total organic carbon content (TOC) greater than 1.5%, 2.0%＜Ro＜3.0%, and has a good foundation for hydrocarbon generation.②The Ceshui Formation is mainly a type of siliceous shale with high brittleness minerals. The shale reservoir space includes organic pores, inorganic pores and fractures, and has the physical characteristics of ultra−low porosity and ultra−low permeability.③The formation of shale gas reservoirs in Ceshui Formation mainly experienced three stages of forming and evolution: early in−situ accumulation, medium−term adjustment and transformation, and late dissipation−residue. The main reservoir formation and transformation period was from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. ④Organic−rich shale formed in the reduction environment of the lagoon facies is the material basis for the formation of gas reservoirs in Ceshui Formation. The thermal evolution degree is an important factor affecting the enrichment and accumulation. Preservation conditions are the key to enrichment and accumulation. The Intraformational detachment structure controls the enrichment degree of gas. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the shale gas accumulation pattern of Ceshui Formation ‘sedimentary environment controlling favorable area and tectonic−decollement controlling preservation and enrichment’ is established. The syncline structure in the lagoon facies area is a favorable region for gas enrichment, and the footwall of the closed reverse fault on both wings of the syncline is a favorable location for gas enrichment.
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表 1 涟源凹陷测水组页岩全岩矿物含量
Table 1. The whole rock mineral content of Ceshui Formation shale in Lianyuan sag
井名 样品数量/个 石英/% 粘土矿物/% 碳酸盐矿物/% 脆性矿物/% 涟页2井 18 51.8~87.7/72.6 8.6~26.6/18.5 0~9.6/2.4 53.0~95.1/77.9 2015H-D6井 10 52.3~86.4/70.1 10.0~33.4/24.2 0~5.4/3.5 60.2~83.2/71.25 湘涟页1井 10 43.0~85.0/54.4 10.0~51.0/31.6 0~22.0/3.6 49.0~90.0/68.3 涟参1井 8 48.3~79.7/68.8 14.0~39.7/24.6 0~22.6/3.1 59.7~86.0/75.1 注：51.8~87.7/72.6分别代表数据的最小值、最大值和平均值 
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表 2 涟源凹陷不同构造位置测水组页岩含气性差异
Table 2. The gas-bearing differences of Ceshui Formation in different structural positions of Lianyuan sag
井号 构造位置 含气层深度/m 录井气测全烃值变化/% 含气量/（m3·t−1） 最小值 最大值 平均值 2015H-D6井 车田江向斜东翼 1265~1341 0.1~9.7 1.22 3.95 2.29 涟参1井 车田江向斜西翼次级向斜内 443~536 0.1~46 0.3 5.2 1.27 涟参2井 车田江向斜西翼 534~592 0.1~82 0.29 5.09 1.75 湘涟页1井 车田江向斜核部 2700~2755 0.11~1.83 0.11 0.38 0.15 涟页2井 车田江向斜与桥头河向斜之间背斜带 136~214 — 0.16 0.49 0.31
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表 3 涟源凹陷梓门桥组膏岩厚度分布
Table 3. Thickness distribution of gypsum rock of Zimenqiao Formation in Lianyuan sag
井名 膏岩厚度/m 层位 构造位置 涟7井 14.5 梓门桥组 车田江向斜西南翼 涟10井 ＞10.0 梓门桥组 车田江向斜西南翼 涟参1井 8.2 梓门桥组 车田江向斜西翼 邵5井 7.5 梓门桥组 车田江向斜西翼 湘涟页1井 14.0 梓门桥组 车田江向斜核部 2015H-D6井 14.1 梓门桥组 车田江向斜东翼 涟页2井 2.5 梓门桥组 车田江与桥头河向斜之间背斜带 涟深2井 1.5 梓门桥组 桥头河东翼
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表 4 涟源凹陷测水组地层突破压力
Table 4. Breakthrough pressure of Ceshui Formation in Lianyuan sag
取样位置 样品深度/m 岩性 突破压力/MPa 中值半径/μm 冷水江庙湾 200 泥页岩 28.19 3.15 涟8井 360 泥灰岩 22.7 4.18 涟7井 230 泥灰岩 10.35 8.53 冷水江金竹山 地表 粉砂质泥岩 1.83 47.06
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表 5 不同构造部位测水组气体组分含量
Table 5. The gas composition proportion of Ceshui Formation in different structural positions
井名 氮气/% 二氧化碳/% 烃类/% 涟页2井 33.6 45.2 18.1 涟参1井 26.3 30.8 39.5 涟参2井 19.0 11.6 66.3
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