Research on 3D geological modeling method and application of urban underground space based on stratigraphic pinchout: A case study of Beihai City, Guangxi
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摘要:
研究目的 城市地下空间的开发利用是当前城市建设的重要组成部分，而三维地质模型是评价地下空间开发利用难度的基础工作之一。针对现有三维地质建模方法中地层分区范围不准确的问题，从模型精度的影响因素出发，设计了一种基于影响因素的地层尖灭位置合理计算方法。
研究方法 该方法通过考虑地层厚度、钻孔间距、地层埋深、单孔控制范围等因素，在追踪地层分区时确定尖灭位置，由此构建出精度更高的地层曲面。
研究结果 以广西北海市为研究区，利用该区域的钻孔、剖面等实际地质数据，首先建立了统一的地层层序并生成了地层分区约束，随后成功构建了北海市精细化的三维地质结构模型。通过钻孔数据回代验证和剖面对比分析对模型质量进行了评价，并与传统建模方法进行了对比。对比分析显示，该方法构建的模型在关键区域的地层形态与实际钻孔揭露情况吻合度更高，地层接触关系处理更为合理。
结论 提出的基于影响因素的地层尖灭位置计算方法，能够有效提高三维地质模型的精度，尤其在处理含复杂地层（如尖灭、不整合接触等）的地质结构时表现出明显优势。与传统建模方法相比，该方法构建的模型与实际地质情况更为吻合，为解决复杂地质条件下的三维地质建模问题提供了一种新的、更可靠的解决思路，对城市地下空间精细化开发利用具有重要的参考价值。
Abstract:Objective The development and utilization of urban underground space constitutes a significant component of contemporary urban construction, with the three dimensional geological model serving as a foundational element in the evaluation of the complexity involved in the development and utilization of underground space. Addressing the challenge of inaccurate stratigraphic zoning in existing three−dimensional geological modelling methods, this paper proposes a rational calculation method for determining the stratigraphic pinch−out location, taking into account the factors that influence model accuracy.
Methods The method determines the pinch−out position by considering formation thickness, borehole spacing, formation burial depth, and single−hole control range. This is achieved by tracking the formation partition, thereby constructing a more accurate formation surface.
Results This study selected Beihai City as the research area. Utilizing actual geological data from the region, including boreholes and profiles, a unified stratigraphic sequence was first established, and stratigraphic zoning constraints were generated. Subsequently, a refined three-dimensional geological structure model of Beihai City was successfully constructed. The model’s quality was evaluated through borehole data back-substitution and profile comparisons, and a comparative analysis was conducted against traditional modeling methods. This comparison revealed that the model constructed using the proposed method exhibited a higher degree of conformity with actual borehole-revealed conditions in key areas, and the stratigraphic contact relationships were more reasonably represented.
Conclusions The proposed method for calculating stratigraphic pinch-out locations based on influencing factors effectively enhances the accuracy of three-dimensional geological models, particularly demonstrating a significant advantage when dealing with complex geological structures involving features such as pinch-outs and unconformable contacts. Compared to traditional modeling approaches, the model developed with this method aligns more closely with actual geological conditions. It offers a novel and more reliable solution for addressing challenges in three-dimensional geological modeling under complex geological settings, and holds important reference value for the refined development and utilization of urban underground space.
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表 1 建模区域内第四系标准地层层序表的部分内容
Table 1. Some contents of Quaternary standard stratigraphic sequence table in modeling area
系 编码 组 编码 岩性 编码 第四系 1 人工填土 1-1 素填土 1-1-1 填土 1-1-2 海积层 1-2 砾砂 1-2-1 粗砂 1-2-2 冲积层 1-3 耕表土/中砂 1-3-1 三角洲层 1-4 可塑状粉耕表土 1-4-1 北海组 1-5 耕表土 1-5-1 砾砂 1-5-2 湛江组 1-6 可塑状粘土 1-6-1 粉细砂 1-6-2 基岩 2 邕宁组 2-1 风化泥质粉砂岩/砾岩 2-1-1 角砾状细砂岩 2-1-2 寺门组 2-2 风化炭质泥岩/风化泥岩/泥质灰岩 2-2-1 黄金组 2-3 粉土/强风化粉砂质泥岩 2-3-1 中风化泥质粉砂岩 2-3-2 风化砂岩/泥岩/细砂岩 2-3-3 
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表 2 钻孔均方根误差
Table 2. Root mean square error of drilled holes
地层编码 层底埋深均方根误差 地层厚度均方根误差 ①1 3.744800 3.014634 ①2 0.362730 0.593881 ② 0.000000 10.551066 ②1 59.540487 1.917560 ③1 58.799644 28.269397 ④1 0.000000 18.261098 ⑤1 3.037502 2.672397 ⑤2 1.689583 10.789586 ⑥1 17.953234 9.286725 ⑥2 6.262616 15.151021 ⑦1 2.607139 14.383907 ⑦2 0.452502 18.189948 ⑧1 0.000000 74.707864 ⑨1 0.000000 2.216019 ⑨2 0.000000 0.000000 ⑩3 0.000000 18.665298 ⑪4 0.000000 10.509101 ⑪5 0.000000 4.163690 ⑫5 0.000000 0.000000 ⑬1 32.000410 36.866709
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