The chromaticity parameters and paleoclimate changes of loess profile in Luonan Basin, Shaanxi Province
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摘要:
研究目的 以陕西洛南典型剖面（LN剖面）为研究对象，分析色度指标和其他气候替代性指标沿剖面的变化，探究LN剖面色度指标的古环境意义及洛南盆地中更新世中期—末期的古气候变化情况。
研究方法 通过对LN剖面不同深度色度参数、粒度、磁化率及Rb/Sr值进行综合分析，
研究结果 结果表明：①色度参数沿剖面不同地层单元呈有规律的变化，亮度（L*）和色调角（h*）表现为黄土层大于古土壤层，其高值指示了相对干冷的气候条件；而红度（a*）、红度/黄度（a*/b*）表现为古土壤层(S1～S6)大于黄土层（L1～L7），其高值指示了相对温暖湿润的环境。L*、a*、a*/b*、h*均可以作为良好的气候替代指标指示该地区气候的变化情况。②色度及其他气候替代性指标共同揭示了洛南盆地中更新世中期—末期的气候变化，对应黄土层堆积时期，气候条件寒冷湿润；古土壤层堆积时期，气候条件温暖潮湿。
结论 不同于黄土高原地区干冷—温湿的变化，洛南地区呈现寒冷湿润—温暖潮湿的气候旋回，总体沉积环境湿润，风化成壤作用强烈，整体上经历了冷湿—暖湿—冷湿的气候变化。该研究结果对于正确认识东秦岭及周边地区中更新世古人类的生存环境和气候变化具有借鉴意义。
Abstract:Objective Taking the typical Luonan profile (LN profile) as the research object, this study analyzes the variations of chromaticity indices and other climatic proxy indices along the profile, and explores the paleoenvironmental significance of the chromaticity indices of the LN profile and the paleoclimatic changes in the Luonan Basin during the mid-to-late Middle Pleistocene.
Methods Comprehensive analysis was conducted on chromaticity parameters, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, and Rb/Sr values at different depths of the LN profile.
Results The results show that:①The chromaticity parameters exhibit regular variations across different stratigraphic units in the profile. Luminance (L*) and hue angle (h*) are higher in loess layers than in paleosol layers, with high values indicating relatively dry and cold climatic conditions. In contrast, redness (a*) and the redness/yellowness ratio (a*/b*) are higher in paleosol layers (S1–S6) than in loess layers (L1–L7), with high values indicating relatively warm and humid environments. L*, a*, a*/b*, and h* can all serve as good climatic proxy indices to indicate climate changes in this region.② Chromaticity and other climatic proxy indices collectively reveal the climatic changes in the Luonan Basin during the mid-to-late Middle Pleistocene. The accumulation period of loess layers corresponds to cold and humid climatic conditions, while the accumulation period of paleosol layers corresponds to warm and humid conditions.
Conclusions Unlike the dry-cold to warm-wet climate cycles in the Loess Plateau, the Luonan region exhibits a climate cycle of cold-humid to warm-humid. The overall sedimentary environment was humid, with strong weathering and pedogenesis, experiencing a climatic change pattern of cold-wet → warm-wet → cold-wet. The research results provide insights for correctly understanding the living environment and climatic changes of paleohumans in the East Qinling and surrounding areas during the Middle Pleistocene.
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表 1 LN剖面地层特征
Table 1. The stratigraphic characteristics of the LN profile
地层 深度/m 地层特征 TS 0~0.2 耕植土，橙棕色，干燥，硬塑，疏松多孔，根系发育 L1 0.2~0.7 黄土，苍白棕色—米黄棕色，稍湿、硬塑，致密 S1 0.7~1.4 古土壤，泥土棕色，稍湿，硬塑，孔洞发育，局部有黑色有机质残留 L2 1.4~2.3 黄土，米黄色—沙黄色，稍湿，硬塑，有针状孔隙发育 S2 2.3~3.0 古土壤，泥土棕色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育 L3 3.0~3.4 黄土，沙黄色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育，局部有红棕色碳酸盐盐膜 S3 3.4~3.9 古土壤，泥土棕色，表层风化干燥后呈黄白色，稍湿，硬塑，偶见白色钙质斑点和钙膜 L4 3.9~4.6 黄土，泥土棕色—赭石棕色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育，偶见白色钙质斑点 S4 4.6~5.3 古土壤，棕米色—泥土棕色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育 L5 5.3~6.0 黄土，赭石棕色，表层风化干燥后呈黄白色，稍湿，硬塑，偶见白色钙质斑点 S5 6.0~6.7 古土壤，泥土棕色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育 L6 6.7~7.1 黄土，沙黄色，表层风化干燥后呈黄白色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育，偶见白色钙质斑点 S6 7.1~7.7 古土壤，泥土棕色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育 L7 7.7~8.5 黄土，沙黄色，稍湿，硬塑，孔隙发育，偶见白色钙质斑点 
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表 2 LN剖面光释光测年结果统计
Table 2. The statistical table of LN profile luminescence dating results
样品编号 深度/cm 含水率/ω 宇宙射线/（Gy·ka−1） K/% Th/10−6 U/10−6 年剂量率/（Gy·ka−1） 测片数量 总剂量/Gy 年龄/ka CN-1 32 9.5 0.22 1.67 13.6 2.82 4.3 6 415±30 96.5 ± 7.0 CN-2 50 9.4 0.22 2.11 13.6 2.82 4.1 6 471±35 114.9.±8.5 CN-3 143 8.9 0.22 2.36 13.6 2.82 4.2 6 541±63 128.8±14.9 CN-4 230 10.1 0.22 2.27 14.4 2.84 4.3 6 699±80 162.5.±18.5
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表 3 LN剖面色度参数的垂直变化特征
Table 3. Vertical changes of chromaticity parameters at LN profile
层位 L* a* b* a*/b* h*/° L1 范围 62.69~66.17 9.96~10.57 23.76~24.38 0.412~0.438 66.371~67.610 均值 64.87 10.18 24.17 0.42 67.08 S1 范围 61.99~64.59 9.01~10.17 23.07~24.17 0.384~0.421 67.180~69.007 均值 62.83 9.80 23.72 0.41 67.89 L2 范围 62.85~65.94 8.62~9.78 23.04~24.11 0.358~0.414 67.506~70.327 均值 64.30 9.13 23.70 0.39 68.85 S2 范围 62.12~66.23 9.18~10.41 24.07~25.09 0.372~0.426 66.919~69.597 均值 62.77 10.26 24.55 0.41 67.81 L3 范围 63.31~65.33 9.04~9.92 24.23~24.9 0.361~0.398 68.278~70.144 均值 64.50 9.34 24.60 0.38 69.17 S3 范围 62.62~63.69 9.25~10.5 23.61~24.69 0.389~0.428 66.827~68.753 均值 63.28 9.75 24.27 0.40 68.09 L4 范围 63.21~65.85 8.61~10.28 23.61~24.89 0.355~0.421 67.187~70.453 均值 64.73 9.01 24.07 0.38 69.05 S4 范围 60.46~63.61 9.42~10.56 23.17~23.86 0.401~0.455 65.517~68.140 均值 62.35 9.89 23.61 0.42 67.36 L5 范围 62.7~64.47 8.65~9.64 23.93~24.01 0.376~0.415 67.466~69.389 均值 63.67 9.24 23.39 0.40 68.44 S5 范围 60.97~62.32 9.84~10.37 22.77~23.69 0.432~0.441 66.210~66.629 均值 61.76 10.21 23.31 0.44 66.35 L6 范围 61.45~63.64 9.23~9.88 23.61~24.54 0.395~0.425 66.977~68.468 均值 63.13 9.27 23.02 0.41 67.79 S6 范围 60.72~62.87 9.44~9.98 23.93~24.01 0.399~0.417 67.359~68.257 均值 61.59 9.73 23.76 0.41 67.86 L7 范围 61.82~64.09 8.79~9.93 23.94~24.38 0.366~0.407 67.839~69.877 均值 63.01 9.32 24.18 0.39 68.93
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表 4 LN剖面粒度、磁化率、Rb/Sr值的垂直变化
Table 4. Vertical changes of grain-size, magnetic susceptibility and Rb/Sr at LN profile
地层 粘粒<5 μm/% 细粉砂5~10 μm/% 粗粉砂10~50 μm/% 砂粒>50 μm/% 磁化率/（10−8 m3∙kg−1） Rb/Sr值 L1 36.30 19.29 43.46 0.94 24.83 1.01 S1 36.18 17.72 45.27 0.83 25.19 0.88 L2 37.39 18.74 43.65 0.23 24.52 0.87 S2 42.35 19.83 37.63 0.19 15.72 0.97 L3 40.13 19.60 40.04 0.23 10.93 0.89 S3 40.19 19.37 40.13 0.32 16.02 0.92 L4 38.16 19.28 42.14 0.42 15.87 0.88 S4 38.77 19.17 41.82 0.38 19.23 0.91 L5 37.90 20.51 41.54 0.19 12.07 0.91 S5 38.17 15.28 44.62 1.93 15.36 0.92 L6 33.66 16.67 47.51 2.17 14.1 0.82 S6 33.36 16.60 48.54 1.50 13.61 0.85 L7 30.02 19.35 49.22 1.42 13.22 0.84 黄土层 36.22±3.4a 19.06±1.2a 43.94±3.3a 0.80±0.8a 16.51±5.8a 0.89±0.1a 古土壤层 38.17±3.1a 18.00±1.8a 43.00±3.9a 0.86±0.7a 17.52±4.2a 0.91±0.1a 注：同一列不同字母表示在P<0.05水平上有显著差异
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表 5 各指标的相关性分析结果
Table 5. Correlation analysis results of the indexs
指标 L* a* b* a*/b* h*/° 粘粒 砂粒 磁化率 Rb/Sr L* 1 a* −0.59*** 1 b* 0.3** 0.18 1 a*/b* −0.71*** 0.91*** −0.25 1 h* 0.71*** −0.91*** 0.25 −0.99*** 1 粘粒 0.23*** 0.20*** 0.15 0.13 −0.13 1 砂粒 −0.36 0.17*** 0.20 0.25 −0.25 −0.5 1 磁化率 −0.01 0.17*** −0.2 0.25 −0.25 0.01 −0.14 1 Rb/Sr 0.17*** 0.43 0.17*** 0.36*** −0.36 0.51 −0.25 0.20 1 注：**表示相关性在0.01水平（双侧）上显著相关；***表示相关性在0.001水平（双侧）上显著相关
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表 6 洛南黄土与其他典型黄土粒度组成对比
Table 6. Comparison of grain size compositions between Luonan Loess and other typical loess
地区 粘粒φ
（<5 μm）细粉砂
（5~10 μm）粗粉砂
（10~50 μm）砂粒φ
（>50 μm）洛川 27.4 12.5 53.3 6.8 豫南 15.8 15.04 57.97 11.19 镇江下蜀 19.13 14.82 55.97 10.07 洛南 37.15 18.62 43.45 0.78
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