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摘要:
研究目的 喜马拉雅山地区大型—巨型古滑坡发育，近年来古滑坡复活问题日益突出，潜在危害严重。然而，内外动力耦合作用下的古滑坡复活机理不清，导致危险性预测不准。
研究方法 以西藏山南市隆子县加玉乡庞村古滑坡为研究对象，采用遥感解译、现场调查、工程地质钻探、综合监测等方法，分析了庞村古滑坡发育特征与复活影响因素，并采用数值模拟技术预测滑坡失稳后的运动过程，评价其潜在危险性。
研究结果 庞村滑坡最早发生于中—晚更新世，体积约18.9×106 m3，滑坡发育两层滑带，埋深分别为6~25 m和25~55 m。目前滑坡复活变形特征明显，历史滑动所形成的碎石土堆积体是现今主要的复活变形区，该区左侧变形强烈，右侧变形较弱，其复活变形受降雨作用影响明显，周边地震活动也起到一定的促进作用。
结论 一旦滑坡复活变形区发生整体失稳，滑体最大堆积厚度达25 m，最大运动速度达16.52 m/s，最远距离达175 m，将严重威胁坡脚的庞村居民区和国道G219。该研究结果对深化喜马拉雅山地区古滑坡复活机理的认识和支撑当地防灾减灾工作具有一定意义。
Abstract:Objective Intense amount of large ancient landslides are developing in the Himalayan region. In recent years, the problem of ancient landslide reactivation has become more and more prominent, and the potential hazards are serious. However, the mechanisms controlling the reactivation of ancient landslides under endogenic−exogenic dynamic coupling remain poorly constrained, which hinders accurate hazard predictions and risk mitigation strategies.
Methods Based on remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, engineering geological drilling and comprehensive monitoring, we analyze the development characteristics and reactivation factors of ancient landslide in Pangcun, Jiayu Township, Longzi County, Shannan City, Xizang. Numerical simulation is used to predict the movement process of landslide after instability and evaluate its potential risk.
Results The Pangcun landslide first slided in the middle to Late Pleistocene with a volume of about 18.9×106 m3, and the landslide developed two layers of slip zones, with buried depths ranging from 6 m to 25 m and 25 m to 55 m, respectively. At present, the reactivation characteristics of the landslide are obvious, and the gravel soil accumulation formed by historical sliding is the reactivation and deformation area, which is strongly deformed on the left side and weakly deformed on the right side, and its deformation is obviously affected by rainfall, and the surrounding seismic activities also play a certain role in promoting its reactivation.
Conclusions Once the reactivation deformation area of the landslide occurs the whole instability, the maximum accumulation thickness of the slide body reaches 25 m, the maximum movement speed reaches 16.52 m/s, and the furthest distance reaches 175 m, which will seriously threaten the Pangcun residential area at the slope foot and the national highway G219. The study results have a certain significance for deepening the understanding of the ancient landslide reactivation mechanism in the Himalayan region and supporting the local disaster prevention and reduction work.
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表 1 数值模拟参数取值
Table 1. Numerical simulation parameter values
岩土类型 土体密度ρ/
(kg·m−3)粘聚力φ/
kPa基底摩擦
系数μ孔隙水压
力系数B含角砾粉质粘土 2104 34.4 0.5 0.3 
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