Distribution law and main controlling factors of formation water in the fifth member of the Majiagou Formation in the southeastern part of Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin and its influence on oil and gas exploitation
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摘要:
研究目的 鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田东南部奥陶系马家沟组五段储层主要为碳酸盐岩储层，在生产过程中地层出水严重，气水关系复杂，主控因素不明确，在很大程度上制约了该区的天然气生产。
研究方法 在地层水化学特征分析的基础上，利用氯钠系数、脱硫系数、钠钙系数等参数对地层水的形成环境进行分析；进而通过单井识别、连井对比及平面展布特征刻画研究了气水分布规律；最后结合构造、古地貌、储层物性等方面研究了气水分布的主控因素及其对油气开采量的影响。
研究结果 结果表明，苏里格气田东南部马五1亚段地层水矿化度较高，平均148905.46 mg/L，pH显示弱—中酸性，水型均表现为CaCl2型，地层水整体表现为低氯钠系数、钠钙系数和脱硫系数，高氯镁系数、变质系数和盐化系数特征，地层封闭性较好，有利于气藏保存。纵向上，根据成因差异及空间分布形态将地层水分为构造低部位水、孤立透镜状水和低渗带滞留水，构造低部位水常见于研究区西部构造相对较低处和东南方向构造相对较低的鼻凹处；孤立透镜状水较为不发育。平面上看，产水井主要集中在G4-8、S158等5个区域，其中东部含水面积较大，主要为气水混合区。
结论 地层水分布受构造和前石炭纪古地貌格局及储层非均质性3个因素同时控制。构造高点控制纵向上气水分异，更容易产水，岩溶古地貌控制气水横向分布非均质性，使得某些区域渗透率低，影响开发效果，储层特征控制气驱水效率，物性较好的储层富含天然气，物性差的区块滞留水多，影响产量。
Abstract:Objective The reservoirs of the fifth member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the southeastern part of the Sulige Gas Field are mainly carbonate reservoirs. During the production process, the formation water produced seriously, the gas−water relationship was complex, and the main controlling factors were unclear. Restricting natural gas production in the area.
Methods Based on the analysis of the chemical characteristics of formation water, this paper uses parameters such as chlorine−sodium coefficient, desulfurization coefficient, and sodium−calcium coefficient to analyze the formation environment of formation water; then, it studies the formation environment of formation water through single well identification, continuous well comparison, and plane distribution characteristics. The distribution rules of gas and water; finally, the main controlling factors of gas and water distribution and their impact on oil and gas production were studied based on the structure, ancient landforms and reservoir physical properties.
Results The results show that the formation water in the Ma51 subsection in the southeastern part of the Sulige gas field has high salinity, with an average of 148905.46 mg/L, PH shows weak to medium acidity, the water type is CaCl2 type, and the formation water overall is low chlorine The characteristics of sodium coefficient, sodium−calcium coefficient and desulfurization coefficient, high chlorine−magnesium coefficient, metamorphism coefficient and salinization coefficient make the formation sealing better, which is beneficial to the preservation of gas reservoirs. Vertically, the formation water is divided into structural low water, isolated lenticular water and low permeability zone retained water based on the differences in origin and spatial distribution. Water in structural low parts is common in the relatively low structures in the west of the study area and in the relatively high structures in the southeast. Low nasal recess; isolated lenticular water is less developed. On the plane, water−producing wells are mainly concentrated in five areas including G4−8 and S158. The eastern part has a larger water−bearing area and is mainly a gas−water mixing area.
Conclusions The distribution of formation water is controlled by three factors: structure, pre−Carboniferous paleo−geomorphology and reservoir heterogeneity. Structural highs control the vertical gas−water differentiation, making it easier to produce water. Karst paleo−geomorphology controls the lateral distribution heterogeneity of gas and water, making the permeability of some areas low, affecting the development effect. Reservoir characteristics control the efficiency of gas−driven water. Reservoirs with better physical properties are rich in natural gas, and blocks with poor physical properties retain more water, affecting production.
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表 1 苏里格气田东南部马家沟组马五1亚段地层水化学特征
Table 1. Characterization of stratigraphic water chemistry in Ma 51 subsection, southeastern part of Sulige gas field
井号 地层水离子含量/（mg·L−1） 总矿化度/(mg·L−1) 水型 pH值 K＋＋Na＋ Ca2＋ Mg2＋ Cl− SO42− HCO3− G4-9 8253.8 6887.8 895.2 27190.2 0.0 562.1 206487.4 CaCl2 5.9 S179 11052.9 16440.8 2136.9 52067.2 31.3 449.0 82178.1 CaCl2 5.3 G3-8 11105.9 17026.0 1721.2 51978.6 52.8 410.0 82294.4 CaCl2 6.1 G0-9 17978.6 25545.5 1127.9 75785.0 229.2 404.4 121070.5 CaCl2 5.4 J51-18 28755.3 20663.2 4177.7 92701.8 0.0 612.1 146910.0 CaCl2 5.3 J49-14 18469.6 22765.4 2761.6 76524.1 0.0 462.4 120983.3 CaCl2 6.1 G2-8 16594.6 31127.1 2981.0 89023.8 0.0 534.1 157606.6 CaCl2 5.6 G04-6 16270.0 31393.5 1410.5 84463.2 0.0 449.7 133986.7 CaCl2 6.2 J52-25 10618.7 22091.7 2115.7 61427.8 0.0 324.8 96578.6 CaCl2 5.4 W26-5 20240.6 27264.4 1984.4 84980.7 0.0 401.9 134872.0 CaCl2 5.6 G4-10 13745.0 28557.2 2767.3 79574.3 9.9 328.5 124982.1 CaCl2 5.9 G2-2 25877.1 26680.5 3053.3 95800.1 0.0 320.5 155410.6 CaCl2 5.9 G1-8A 14087.3 43602.0 1057.9 101739.7 0.0 324.8 160811.7 CaCl2 5.2 G4-8 27686.8 43065.2 5936.5 135922.4 176.2 199.1 212986.1 CaCl2 6.3 J41-30 16648.4 40695.2 2115.7 103659.4 0.0 274.8 163393.5 CaCl2 5.4 G2-9 20546.2 39864.6 3643.5 112642.4 0.0 293.7 176990.3 CaCl2 5.6 S155 41618.5 46218.3 5096.9 160563.0 11.0 343.2 253851.0 CaCl2 5.1 
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表 2 马五1亚段地层水化学分析数据
Table 2. Data sheet for chemical analysis of stratigraphic water in Ma 51 subsection
井名 钠氯
系数脱硫
系数变质
系数氯镁
系数盐化
系数钠钙
系数陕179 0.16 0 20.56 49.00 115.96 0.41 G3-8 0.24 0 10.51 27.71 126.79 0.81 靖49-14 0.24 0.60 25.62 67.19 165.49 0.70 G0-9 0.14 0 41.43 96.18 187.42 0.32 靖52-25 0.19 0 12.15 29.86 189.15 0.53 G4-10 0.18 0 12.64 30.92 242.21 0.52 乌26-5 0.21 0.20 11.87 30.20 211.47 0.65 G04-6 0.17 0.02 11.89 28.76 187.83 0.48 靖51-18 0.20 0.26 9.12 22.90 151.46 0.64 G2-2 0.30 0 10.58 30.38 298.90 1.20 G2-8 0.26 0.014 11.67 31.51 166.70 0.90 G1-8A 0.21 0.12 9.60 24.37 313.28 0.67 靖41-30 0.24 0 16.31 42.82 377.22 0.74 G2-9 0.19 0 24.17 59.88 383.49 0.52 G4-9 0.27 0 11.45 31.38 48.37 0.97 G4-8 0.17 0 12.01 29.03 682.79 0.48 陕155 0.31 0 7.65 22.19 467.91 1.39
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