Geological characteristics and prospecting potential of the fluorite deposit in the Yemagou area, Qinghai
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摘要:
研究目的 萤石矿和铀矿因其不可替代性和战略价值，均属于国家战略矿种，对萤石矿成矿条件、成矿机制、成矿特征及找矿远景进行研究，对于寻找萤石矿，进一步探讨萤石矿与火山岩型铀矿成矿空间与成因上的潜力关联，具有重要的现实意义和理论需求。
研究方法 通过野外地质调查、岩矿鉴定及区域地质综合分析，对萤石矿矿床地质特征及其对火山岩型铀矿找矿启示进行研究。
研究结果 青海省都兰县海德乌拉火山岩型铀矿床勘查工作过程中，在矿区西侧野马沟地区发现了7条共生的具有工业价值的萤石矿体。区内萤石矿体连续性好，矿体走向长100～300 m，真厚度0.94～11.23 m，CaF2品位23.02 %～48.27 %。萤石表现为多期次活动特征，主要受北西向断裂系统控制。含矿岩性为隐爆角砾岩、构造角砾岩、石泡流纹岩、晶屑凝灰岩等，围岩蚀变主要有硅化、高岭土化、碳酸盐化、黄铁矿化等。
结论 研究认为，矿床类型为受构造控制的低温热液充填型脉状萤石矿床，与火山岩型铀矿成矿地质背景相似，推测萤石矿体深部及外围可能蕴藏丰富的铀矿资源，后续工作应注重区域萤石+铀综合找矿工作，通过系统的勘查有望实现找矿突破。
Abstract:Objective Fluorite and uranium deposits, due to their irreplaceability and strategic value, are both classified as national strategic mineral resources. Investigating the metallogenic conditions, mechanisms, characteristics, and prospecting potential of fluorite deposits holds significant practical and theoretical importance for locating fluorite resources and exploring the spatial and genetic associations between fluorite and volcanic-hosted uranium mineralization.
Methods This study integrates field geological surveys, petrographic analysis, and regional geological synthesis to investigate the geological characteristics of fluorite deposits and their implications for prospecting volcanic-hosted uranium deposits.
Results During the exploration of the Haidewula volcanic-hosted uranium deposit in Dulan County, Qinghai Province, seven economically viable fluorite ore bodies were discovered in the Yemagou area west of the mining zone. These fluorite ore bodies exhibit strong continuity, with strike lengths of 100~300 m, true thicknesses of 0.94~11.23 m, and CaF2 grades ranging from 23.02% to 48.27%. Fluorite mineralization displays multi-stage activity, primarily controlled by NW-trending fault systems. Host rocks include crypto-explosive breccia, tectonic breccia, spherulitic rhyolite, and crystal tuff, with wall-rock alterations dominated by silicification, kaolinization, carbonatization, and pyritization.
Conclusions The study concludes that the deposit is a structurally controlled low-temperature hydrothermal vein-type fluorite deposit, sharing a similar metallogenic setting with volcanic-hosted uranium deposits. It is inferred that the deep and peripheral zones of the fluorite ore bodies may host substantial uranium resources. Future efforts should focus on integrated fluorite-uranium prospecting in the region, with systematic exploration expected to achieve breakthroughs.
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Key words:
- fluorite /
- uranium deposit /
- geological characteristics /
- prospecting Potential /
- Yemagou /
- Qinghai Province
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图 1 东昆仑造山带构造简图（a, 据Dong et al., 2018 修改）和野马沟地区地质简图（b, 据雷勇亮等, 2021修改）
Figure 1.
图 5 野马沟地区综合异常图（据何虎虎等, 2023修改）
Figure 5.
表 1 野马沟地区萤石矿体特征
Table 1. Characteristics of fluorite ore bodies in Yemagou area
矿体
编号控制工程 规模/m 产状/° 品位/% 赋矿岩性 热液蚀变组合 长度 真厚度 倾向 倾角 m1 21HTC02 110 11.23 50 70 23.02 流纹质晶屑凝灰岩 绿帘石化 m2 ZK802 100 1.09 50 50 39.27 隐爆角砾岩 硅化 m3 ZK002 100 2.25 40 58 31.76 构造角砾岩 高岭土化 m4 ZK6401、ZK8001 300 4.82 20~27 43~58 29.07 构造角砾岩、含角砾晶屑岩屑凝灰岩 碳酸盐化、绿泥石化 m5 ZK6402、ZK8001 300 1.28 27~32 58 43.23 流纹岩 硅化 m6 ZK6402 100 0.94 32 58 25.71 构造角砾岩 绿帘石化 m7 ZK11201 100 1.41 34 70 41.32 构造角砾岩 硅化、黄铁矿化 
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