Discovery of Early Cambrian grandiorite to the north of the Xar Moron River, Inner Mongolia and its geological significance for the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution in the southeast of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
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摘要:
针对中亚造山带东南部“双井古陆”构造属性存在的争议，对内蒙古西拉木伦河一带前人划分为古元古代的东沟片麻状花岗闪长岩开展了年代学、岩石学及地球化学研究。研究表明，该岩体的锆石U−Pb年龄为526±2 Ma，属于早寒武世；结合“双井古陆”范围内其他年龄资料，进一步指示该古陆不是中亚造山带内早前寒武纪微陆块。该花岗闪长岩主要由斜长石、石英及角闪石组成，岩石SiO2含量介于64.20%~67.53%之间，Na2O和K2O含量分别为5.21%~5.75%和0.37%~0.56%，显示富钠贫钾的亚碱性系列岩浆岩特征；岩石铝饱和指数A/CNK介于0.77~0.85之间，属于偏铝质I型花岗岩类。岩石相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素，显示俯冲带岩浆岩特征；全岩εNd(t)值介于−13.76~−15.84之间，平均下地壳两阶段模式年龄为2523~2361 Ma，指示岩浆源区可能存在太古宙—古元古代地壳物质。综合区域资料分析，东沟花岗闪长岩可能属于华北克拉通和西拉木伦河缝合带之间早古生代白乃庙岛弧的组成部分；该岩体的发现表明，中亚造山带东南部古亚洲洋板块的俯冲可能开始于寒武纪早期。
Abstract:In view of the controversy about the tectonic affinities of the ‘Shuangjing Paleocontinent’ in southeast Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the geochronology, petrology and geochemistry of the Dong’gou gneissic granodiorite, which was originally classified as an early Precambrian intrusion, in the Xar Moron River area of Inner Mongolia have been studied. Zircon U−Pb dating shows that the granodiorite was formed in the Early Cambrian (526±2 Ma). Combined with other geochronological age data published in the region, it is suggested that ‘Shuangjing Paleocontinent’ was not an early Precambrian micro−continent in the CAOB. The Dong’gou granodiorite is mainly composed of plagioclase, quartz and amphibole. The contents of SiO2 of the rocks range from 64.20% to 67.53%, and the contents of Na2O and K2O are 5.21% to 5.75% and 0.37% to 0.56%, respectively, indicating the characteristics of subalkaline series magmatic rocks, which are rich in sodium and poor in potassium. The aluminum saturation index (A/CNK) of the rocks is between 0.77 and 0.85, further suggesting that the Dong’gou granodiorite belonging to meta−aluminous I−type granite. In terms of trace elements, the rocks are depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta, P and Ti, indicating the geochemical characteristics of the magmatic rocks formed in subduction setting. The whole rock εNd(t) values and lower crust two−stage model ages of the Dong’gou granodiorite are −13.76 to −15.84 and 2361 Ma to 2523 Ma, respectively, suggesting that there might be Archaean−Paleoproterozoic crustal material in the magmatic source. Based on the analysis of regional data, the Dong’gou granodiorite might belong to the Early Paleozoic Bainaimiao magmatic arc between the North China Craton and the Xar Moron River suture zone. The discovery of the pluton suggests that the subduction of the Paleo−Asian Ocean in southeast CAOB might have started in Early Cambrian.
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图 1 欧亚板块大地构造分区图（a, 据Li, 2006修改）、中亚造山带地壳构造格架图（b, 据李锦轶等，2009修改）和内蒙古双井—半拉山地区地质简图（c, 据刘建峰等, 2022; 岩浆岩年龄资料据李锦轶等，2007；李益龙等，2008, 2009, 2012；Wu et al., 2011; 江思宏等，2014；Zhao et al., 2021；雷豪等，2021）
Figure 1.
图 6 东沟片麻状花岗闪长岩TAS图解（a, 据Middlemost, 1994）和An−Ab−Or标准矿物图解（b, 据Barker, 1979）
Figure 6.
图 8 东沟花岗闪长片麻岩及邻近岩体 (87Sr/86Sr)i−εNd(t)图（a，底图据Zindler et al., 1986）和年龄–εNd(t)图（b）
Figure 8.
图 9 东沟片麻状花岗闪长岩Y−Nb（a）和（Yb+Nb）−Rb（b）（底图据Pearce et al., 1984）构造环境判别图解
Figure 9.
表 1 东沟片麻状花岗闪长岩锆石LA−ICP−MS U−Th-Pb定年结果
Table 1. Zircon LA−ICP−MS U−Th-Pb data of the Dong’gou gneissic granodiorite
点号 含量/10−6 232Th/
238U同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb 232Th 238U 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 208Pb/232Th ±1σ 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 208Pb/232Th ±1σ 01 13.36 91.1 119 0.76 0.0579 0.0016 0.6816 0.0198 0.0856 0.0010 0.0249 0.0004 524 61 528 12 530 6 498 8 02 15.99 98.0 146 0.67 0.0584 0.0014 0.6870 0.0168 0.0854 0.0010 0.0269 0.0005 546 47 531 10 528 6 536 9 03 34.4 223 312 0.72 0.0577 0.0012 0.6893 0.0206 0.0859 0.0015 0.0255 0.0004 520 44 532 12 531 9 510 8 04 18.66 121 169 0.71 0.0568 0.0014 0.6730 0.0166 0.0851 0.0009 0.0258 0.0004 483 86 523 10 526 5 515 8 05 24.3 241 194 1.24 0.0579 0.0016 0.6894 0.0212 0.0860 0.0010 0.0268 0.0005 528 53 532 13 532 6 534 10 06 27.27 152 250 0.61 0.0564 0.0010 0.6657 0.0132 0.0853 0.0008 0.0265 0.0005 478 41 518 8 528 5 530 9 07 23.17 134 210 0.64 0.0570 0.0014 0.6722 0.0179 0.0852 0.0008 0.0263 0.0004 500 56 522 11 527 5 524 9 08 13.37 78.8 119 0.66 0.0568 0.0014 0.6670 0.0168 0.0853 0.0008 0.0263 0.0004 483 53 519 10 528 5 524 8 09 42.9 416 350 1.19 0.0582 0.0012 0.6785 0.0144 0.0844 0.0008 0.0251 0.0003 600 44 526 9 523 5 500 6 10 30.2 191 264 0.72 0.0571 0.0012 0.6726 0.0144 0.0851 0.0007 0.0260 0.0004 494 42 522 9 527 4 519 8 11 15.91 97.3 140 0.70 0.0574 0.0013 0.6778 0.0170 0.0853 0.0009 0.0257 0.0004 506 50 525 10 527 5 513 8 12 19.61 112 175 0.64 0.0572 0.0013 0.6774 0.0152 0.0853 0.0008 0.0263 0.0004 498 48 525 9 528 5 524 9 13 19.86 141 171 0.82 0.0582 0.0016 0.6751 0.0168 0.0840 0.0009 0.0260 0.0004 539 57 524 10 520 5 518 8 14 13.81 76.3 124 0.62 0.0580 0.0015 0.6762 0.0183 0.0845 0.0010 0.0258 0.0005 528 55 524 11 523 6 514 10 15 22.70 163 190 0.86 0.0576 0.0013 0.6755 0.0149 0.0850 0.0008 0.0257 0.0004 522 48 524 9 526 4 514 8 16 15.07 87.9 132 0.66 0.0573 0.0016 0.6740 0.0181 0.0853 0.0010 0.0259 0.0005 502 59 523 11 528 6 516 9 17 18.17 120 151 0.79 0.0578 0.0011 0.6859 0.0129 0.0859 0.0007 0.0269 0.0004 524 43 530 8 531 4 536 8 18 16.05 117 135 0.87 0.0577 0.0015 0.6772 0.0177 0.0849 0.0008 0.0257 0.0004 517 56 525 11 525 5 514 8 19 8.76 62.2 71.8 0.87 0.0569 0.0024 0.6692 0.0284 0.0854 0.0014 0.0281 0.0007 500 99 520 17 528 8 560 13 20 125.6 93.3 274 0.34 0.1580 0.0021 7.6327 0.1347 0.3493 0.0044 0.0895 0.0015 2435 23 2189 16 1931 21 1732 28 21 19.20 127 170 0.74 0.0582 0.0012 0.6865 0.0162 0.0853 0.0010 0.0264 0.0005 539 42 531 10 528 6 527 9 22 17.37 131 150 0.87 0.0576 0.0014 0.6827 0.0180 0.0857 0.0011 0.0257 0.0005 517 54 528 11 530 6 514 10 23 9.96 75.3 87.3 0.86 0.0579 0.0014 0.6658 0.0165 0.0835 0.0009 0.0254 0.0005 524 56 518 10 517 5 507 9 24 24.63 146 233 0.62 0.0569 0.0013 0.6366 0.0154 0.0809 0.0008 0.0253 0.0004 487 82 500 10 501 5 506 8 
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表 2 东沟片麻状花岗闪长岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2. Contents of major, trace and rare earth elements of the Dong’gou gneissic granodiorite
元素 D1022-1 D1022-2 D1022-3 D1022-4 元素 D1022-1 D1022-2 D1022-3 D1022-4 SiO2 64.31 67.53 65.88 64.2 V 36.5 45.7 41.8 45.1 TiO2 0.22 0.3 0.31 0.42 Cr 3.2 6 4.2 1.1 Al2O3 16.61 16.71 17.58 18.24 Hf 2.04 2.36 2.34 4.27 TFe2O3 2.47 2.43 2.03 2.17 Sc 2.83 3.54 3.16 4.15 MnO 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 Ta 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.73 MgO 3.8 1.22 1.44 2.05 Co 4.88 2.12 2.27 2.95 CaO 6.57 6.26 5.94 6.69 U 0.28 0.76 0.77 0.67 Na2O 5.47 5.21 5.69 5.75 La 12 34 22.3 28.5 K2O 0.56 0.37 0.45 0.44 Ce 23.4 65.7 42.4 61.2 P2O5 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.16 Pr 2.93 6.88 5.22 6.61 烧失量 0.52 0.39 0.48 0.62 Nd 11.9 23.4 20.9 23.6 总计 100.65 100.57 99.94 100.79 Sm 2.04 3.91 3.46 4.1 A/CNK 0.77 0.82 0.85 0.82 Eu 0.51 1.16 1.12 0.97 Ba 132 118 149 135 Gd 1.75 2.96 2.87 3.29 Rb 11.6 4.1 6 6.4 Tb 0.28 0.43 0.42 0.47 Sr 519 478 449 541 Dy 1.6 2.34 2.35 2.64 Y 9.4 13.3 13.5 15.7 Ho 0.33 0.47 0.48 0.54 Zr 61 89 90 168 Er 1.02 1.43 1.47 1.71 Nb 4.69 5.97 6.39 8.73 Tm 0.16 0.21 0.22 0.26 Th 2.76 6.69 4.43 6.77 Yb 1.12 1.4 1.51 1.78 Pb 1.31 2.32 2.03 1.98 Lu 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.29 Ga 13.6 17.5 16.6 15.5 ΣREE 59.2 144.5 105 136 Ni 19.5 5.8 4.5 11.3 δEu 0.81 1 1.06 0.78 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量、稀土元素含量单位为10−6。A/CNK=Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O+CaO)(分子比); ΣREE=稀土元素总量; δEu=2*EuN/(SmN+GdN)
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表 3 东沟片麻状花岗闪长岩Sr−Nd同位素组成
Table 3. Sr−Nd isotopic compositions of the Dong’gou gneissic granodiorite
样品号 年龄/Ma Rb/10−6 Sr/10−6 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 2σ ISr Sm/10−6 D1022-1 526 14.63 544.2 0.07775 0.706719 14 0.70614 1.86 D1022-2 526 5.062 547.1 0.02677 0.706814 15 0.70661 3.88 D1022-3 526 7.857 528.2 0.04306 0.706620 15 0.70629 4.24 样品号 Nd/10-6 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd 2σ TDM1/ Ma TDM2/ Ma εNd(t) fSm/Nd D1022-1 9.92 0.1136 0.511620 5 2319 2402 −14.29 −0.42 D1022-2 23.52 0.0999 0.511600 7 2069 2361 −13.76 −0.49 D1022-3 18.91 0.1357 0.511617 7 2976 2523 −15.84 −0.31
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