南部非洲锰矿成矿规律与资源潜力

孙宏伟; 任军平; 王杰; 吴兴源; 唐文龙; 古阿雷; 左立波

doi:10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2022.01.005

南部非洲锰矿成矿规律与资源潜力

1.
中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院，北京 100083

2.
中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心，天津 300170

基金项目:
商务部技术援外项目《援赞比亚东北地区航空物探与地质地球化学填图项目》(编号：[2015]352)和中国地质调查局项目《莫桑比克钽锆钛资源调查》(编号：DD20201150)

详细信息

作者简介: 孙宏伟(1986-)，男，硕士，工程师，从事境外地质矿产勘查研究工作。E-mail: shwcub@163.com

通讯作者: 任军平(1980-)，男，硕士，正高级工程师，从事地质矿产勘查与研究工作。E-mail：rjp2333@126.com

中图分类号: P618.32

收稿日期: 2021-04-26

修回日期: 2021-09-10

刊出日期: 2022-01-15

Metallogenic regularity and resource potential of manganese deposits in southern Africa

1.
School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

2.
Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin 300170, China

More Information

Corresponding author: REN Junping, rjp2333@126.com

Received Date: 26 April 2021

Revised Date: 10 September 2021

Publish Date: 15 January 2022

摘要

摘要:
锰作为一种重要的金属矿产，广泛应用于各种工业领域。世界锰矿资源总量丰富，但分布极不均衡，主要分布在南非、乌克兰、巴西、澳大利亚等国。中国锰矿资源具有总量大、平均品位低、开采难度大等特点，为满足国内需求，中国每年需从海外进口大量锰矿。南部非洲地区锰矿资源丰富，主要有海相沉积受变质型、海相沉积型、热液型及表生型锰矿4种成矿类型。其中，海相沉积受变质型和海相沉积型最重要，依据含矿岩系特征又进一步将其划分为BIF岩系型锰矿、黑色页岩系型锰矿及硅-泥-灰岩系型锰矿。南部非洲原生锰矿成矿时代主要集中在2.2~2.0 Ga，与Eburnean造山运动时代耦合；空间上主要分布在古陆块边缘，成矿背景以弧后盆地及边缘盆地为主。南部非洲地区锰矿成矿地质条件优越，且总体找矿勘查程度较低，资源潜力巨大。
- 锰矿 /
- 时空分布 /
- 成矿规律 /
- 资源潜力 /
- 南部非洲 /
- 矿产勘查工程
Abstract:
As an important metal, manganese is widely used in various industrial fields.The total amount of manganese resources in the world is abundant, but its distribution is extremely uneven, mainly distributed in South Africa, Ukraine, Brazil, Australia and other countries.Manganese resources in China are characterized by large tonnage, low tenor, and difficulty in mining.In order to meet domestic demand, China needs to import a large amount of manganese ore from overseas every year.Southern Africa is rich in manganese resources, mainly consisting of four metallogenic types, namely marine sedimentary metamorphic type, marine sedimentary type, hydrothermal type and supergene type.Among them, the marine sedimentary metamorphic type and marine sedimentary type are the most important, and they are further divided into BIF rocks-hosted Mn deposit, black shale-hosted Mn deposit and silicon-mud-limestone-hosted Mn deposits based on the ore-bearing rocks.The metallogenic epoch of primary manganese deposits is mainly concentrated in 2.2~2.0 Ga, which is coupled with Eburnean orogeny.Spatially, it is mainly distributed on the edge of ancient landmass, and the metallogenic background is mainly back-arc basin and marginal basin.The current southern Africa is a typical case with favorable metallogenic geological conditions, overall low level of prospecting and exploration, and huge potential of manganese resources.
- manganese /
- spatial and temporal distribution /
- metallogenic regularity /
- resource potential /
- southern Africa /
- mineral exploration engineering

HTML全文

图 1 全球主要锰矿山概略分布图(据参考文献[2, 15]修改)

Figure 1.

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图 2 全球锰矿重要成矿期(据参考文献[5-6]修改)

Figure 2.

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图 3 Kalahari锰矿岩性柱状图(据参考文献[32]修改)

Figure 3.

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图 4 Kalahari锰矿成矿模式图(据参考文献[20]修改)

Figure 4.

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图 5 纳米比亚Otjosondu锰矿成因模式图(据参考文献[22]修改)

Figure 5.

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图 6 Kisenge地区锰矿成因模式图(据参考文献[24]修改)

Figure 6.

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图 7 南非Tolwe锰矿成矿环境及成因模式图(据参考文献[27]修改)

Figure 7.

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图 8 姆库希地区锰矿典型锰矿石特征

Figure 8.

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图 9 古元古代(2.2~2.0 Ga)南部非洲重要锰矿构造背景(据参考文献[65]修改)

Figure 9.

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表 1 南部非洲原生锰矿类型及典型矿床特征

Table 1. Primary manganese ore types and typical ore deposits in southern Africa

矿床类型		典型矿床	国家	含矿建造	原生矿床成矿时代	次生矿床成矿时代	矿石矿物	构造背景	资源量/品位	参考文献
海相沉积受变质型	BIF岩系型	Kalahari	南非	BIF、碳酸盐岩	2.2 Ga	42 Ma、25 Ma、10.5 Ma	黑锰矿、方铁锰矿、褐锰矿、软锰矿及硬锰矿	弧后盆地	120 Mt(30%~45%)	^{[3, 19]}
		Rooinekke			2.4 Ga	-	褐铁矿、锰铁矿、菱锰矿、软锰矿及硬锰矿	陆缘盆地	1.5 Mt(27%~35%)	^{[4, 20]}
		Postmasburg			2.5~2.6 Ga	2.0 Ga	褐锰矿、软锰矿、硬锰矿及钾锰矿	弧后盆地	10~30 Mt(32%~59%)	^{[5-6, 21]}
		Otjosondu	纳米比亚	BIF、碳酸盐岩	0.74 Ga	-	褐锰矿、锰铁矿及硬锰矿	陆缘盆地	20~50 Mt(33%~47%)	^[22]
海相沉积型	黑色页岩系型	Francevillian	加蓬	炭质页岩、碳酸盐岩等	2.0~2.3 Ga	-	钾锰矿、硬锰矿及软锰矿	弧后盆地	20~48 Mt(40%~48%)	^{[7, 23]}
		Moanda	加蓬		2.2~2.16 Ga	44.5~49 Ma	菱锰矿、硬锰矿、钾锰矿及软锰矿	弧后盆地	20 Mt(30%~55%)	^{[7, 23]}
		Kisenge	刚果(金)		2.2~2.1 Ga	25 Ma、10 Ma、3.6 Ma、2.6 Ma	菱锰矿、钾锰矿及软锰矿	断陷盆地	20 Mt(40%~55%)	^{[8, 24]}
	硅-泥-灰岩系型	Tolwe	南非	硅质岩、泥岩及碳酸盐岩	1.96~1.8 Ga	-	褐锰矿、软锰矿及钾锰矿	台地三角洲	10~15 Mt(30%~41%)	^[25-27]
热液型		Mkuxi	赞比亚	石英岩、云母片岩等	>1.8 Ga	-	硬锰矿、软锰矿及黑锰矿	陆缘盆地	资源量不详(45%~65%)	^[28]
热液型		Mansa	赞比亚	石英岩、云母片岩等	>1.6 Ga	-	硬锰矿、软锰矿及黑锰矿	陆缘盆地	资源量不详(40%~55%)	^[29-30]

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