The emplacement depth of ore-hosting rock body and its constraints on mineralization in Duobaoshan porphyry copper deposit, Heilongjiang Province
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摘要:
多宝山铜矿是中国北方著名的斑岩型矿床，许多学者对该矿床的成因、大地构造环境、成矿机制等进行了大量的研究，并取得较好的成果。但对矿床保存和后期改造尚缺研究，需要中低温热年代学研究控制矿床的剥蚀深度、阶段和时代，而含矿岩体的侵位深度是先决条件。为了准确确定多宝山铜矿含矿岩体的侵位深度，笔者选取赋矿花岗闪长斑岩体作为研究对象，并利用角闪石-斜长石地质温压计进行成矿深度分析。通过研究得出赋矿花岗闪长斑岩体成岩压力为1.69×108~1.78×108 Pa，温度范围在650~710℃之间，成岩深度为6.36~6.69 km，对于研究矿床剥蚀深度及速率、演化阶段、构造背景等都具有重要的意义。
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关键词:
- 多宝山铜矿 /
- 花岗闪长斑岩 /
- 侵位深度 /
- 角闪石-斜长石温压计 /
- 矿产勘查工程
Abstract:Abstract: Duobaoshan copper deposit, a famous porphyry deposit in northern China, has been extensively studied on its origin, tectonic environment and metallogenic mechanism by many scholars, and significant advances have been achieved.In constrast, the preservation and later geological alteration of the deposit have been little researched.It is necessary to constrain the exhumation depth, metallogenic stage and age of the deposit using medium-low temperature thermochronology, in particular, the emplacement depth of ore-hosting rock body should be first known.In this study, in order to accurately determine the emplacement depth of the ore-hosting rock body in the Duobaoshan copper deposit, we have conducted study on the emplacement depth of the ore-hosting granodiorite porphyry body using hornblende-plagioclase geothermobarometer.The results show that the ore-hosting granodiorite porphyry body has the diagenetic pressure of 1.69×108~1.78×108 Pa, the diagenetic temperature of 650~710℃ and the emplacement depth of 6.36~6.69 km, this is of great significance for studying the depth and rate of exhumation, evolution stage, and tectonic environment of this deposit.
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表 1 多宝山矿区花岗岩样品描述
Table 1. Description of granite samples in Duobaoshan mining area
样品编号 采样位置 经度/E 纬度/N 海拔/m 样品岩性 DB01 采矿场 125°46′50″ 50°14′37″ 505 花岗闪长斑岩 DB82 采矿场 125°47′02″ 50°14′36″ 475 花岗闪长斑岩 DB37 采矿场 125°46′51″ 50°14′54″ 490 花岗闪长斑岩 DB66 采矿场 125°47′08″ 50°14′49″ 475 花岗闪长斑岩 DB119 采矿场 125°47′20″ 50°14′28″ 512 花岗闪长斑岩 DB120 采矿场 125°47′26″ 50°14′53″ 532 花岗闪长斑岩 DB14 采矿场 125°47′07″ 50°14′38″ 445 花岗闪长岩 DB18 采矿场 125°46′16″ 50°14′56″ 505 更长花岗岩 DB25 采矿场 125°47′15″ 50°14′42″ 505 花岗闪长斑岩 DB56 采矿场 125°47′07″ 50°14′45″ 575 花岗闪长斑岩 DB58 采矿场 125°47′08″ 50°14′45″ 575 花岗闪长斑岩 DB99 采矿场 125°47′14″ 50°14′50″ 490 二长花岗岩 
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表 2 多宝山矿床花岗岩主量元素组成及地球化学参数
Table 2. Major element compositions and geochemical parameters of granites in Duobaoshan deposit
样品号 DB01 DB37 DB82 DB119 DB120 DB14 DB18 DB66 DB99 SiO2 62.53 61.95 62.76 64.53 61.85 67.26 64.52 63.68 65.80 Al2O3 16.38 17.50 16.57 16.57 16.69 16.18 16.59 17.47 17.62 Fe2O3 3.44 3.39 3.32 2.73 3.43 1.41 1.18 1.53 1.66 FeO 1.53 1.76 1.36 1.83 1.46 0.80 1.12 0.64 0.72 MgO 2.01 1.89 1.87 1.95 2.00 0.61 0.73 0.73 0.71 CaO 4.85 3.85 4.07 2.59 4.01 2.00 2.93 3.16 2.29 Na2O 3.62 4.25 4.20 3.79 4.13 5.09 5.09 5.20 5.73 K2O 2.61 2.65 2.88 3.07 3.08 2.75 2.93 3.16 2.72 MnO 0.125 0.094 0.094 0.046 0.099 0.065 0.081 0.057 0.084 P2O5 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.10 0.17 0.15 0.19 TiO2 0.39 0.44 0.39 0.37 0.41 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.32 烧失量 2.20 2.02 2.21 2.26 2.51 3.32 4.23 3.90 1.96 总计 99.87 99.97 99.91 99.91 99.87 99.85 99.86 99.98 99.81 TFe2O3 5.14 5.34 4.83 4.77 5.05 2.30 2.42 2.24 2.46 石英(Q) 17.95 15.37 15.59 22.03 14.22 22.51 17.03 14 16.48 钙长石(An) 21.28 18.34 18.27 11.96 18.43 9.61 14.03 15.29 10.37 钠长石(Ab) 31.43 36.78 36.47 32.89 35.97 44.63 45.04 45.85 49.57 正长石(Or) 15.79 16.01 17.47 18.6 18.7 16.82 18.09 19.46 16.47 刚玉(C) 0 1.09 0 2.8 0 1.49 0.14 0.11 1.57 透辉石(Di) 1.8 0 0.99 0 0.59 0 0 0 0 紫苏辉石(Hy) 7.79 8.12 7.25 7.88 7.92 2.74 3.15 2.89 2.93 钛铁矿(Il) 0.76 0.86 0.75 0.71 0.8 0.53 0.58 0.6 0.62 磁铁矿(Mt) 2.78 3.01 2.77 2.72 2.92 1.43 1.52 1.43 1.56 磷灰石(Ap) 0.43 0.41 0.43 0.42 0.47 0.24 0.42 0.36 0.44 总计 100 99.99 99.99 100.01 100.01 100 100 100 100.01 分异指数(DI) 65.17 68.16 69.53 73.52 68.89 83.96 80.16 79.31 82.52 密度 2.76 2.76 2.74 2.76 2.75 2.69 2.68 2.68 2.69 液相密度 2.49 2.49 2.48 2.46 2.48 2.41 2.43 2.43 2.42 干粘度 6.19 5.96 6.21 6.9 5.97 8.33 7.44 7.05 7.38 湿粘度 5.28 5.14 5.27 5.72 5.12 6.53 6.04 5.83 6.01 液相线温度 955 969 951 918 964 852 893 914 897 H2O含量 2.17 2.03 2.21 2.54 2.09 3.24 2.8 2.58 2.76 A(碱性长石) 29.18 33.15 35.3 38.62 36.82 45.22 43.46 45.14 46.89 P(斜长石) 39.32 37.98 36.91 24.83 36.28 25.84 33.7 35.46 29.52 A/CNK 0.931 1.038 0.95 1.161 0.958 1.079 0.983 0.986 1.066 SI 15.41 13.68 13.86 14.68 14.34 5.75 6.63 6.51 6.21 AR 1.83 1.96 2.05 2.12 2.07 2.52 2.39 2.36 2.48 σ43 1.93 2.45 2.48 2.14 2.66 2.47 2.87 3.26 3.08 σ25 1.04 1.3 1.34 1.2 1.42 1.48 1.66 1.84 1.77 R1 2185 1893 1929 2158 1848 2037 1817 1656 1679 R2 964 867 875 716 880 582 706 746 640 F1 0.63 0.64 0.63 0.68 0.63 0.68 0.65 0.65 0.66 F2 -1.27 -1.28 -1.26 -1.22 -1.24 -1.27 -1.26 -1.25 -1.3 F3 -2.54 -2.58 -2.57 -2.56 -2.57 -2.64 -2.65 -2.67 -2.68 A/MF 1.41 1.51 1.52 1.5 1.45 3.61 3.36 3.72 3.56 C/MF 0.76 0.6 0.68 0.43 0.63 0.81 1.08 1.22 0.84 注：主量元素含量单位为%，矿物含量单位为%，密度单位为g/cc，温度单位为℃，粘度单位为N·s/m2
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表 3 角闪石矿物组成
Table 3. Mineral compositions of hornblende
样品 DB01-1 DB01-2 DB82-1 DB82-2 DB82-3 DB120-1 DB120-2 样品 DB01-1 DB01-2 DB82-1 DB82-2 DB82-3 DB120-1 DB120-2 SiO2 49.44 48.33 49.23 49.53 47.83 49.49 49.15 SiT* 7.1063 7.0644 7.0818 7.1063 7.0155 7.1399 7.1130 TiO2 0.86 1.06 0.91 0.82 1.26 0.84 0.96 AlT 0.8937 0.9356 0.9182 0.8937 0.9845 0.8601 0.8870 Al2O3 5.78 5.95 5.9 5.69 6.42 5.76 5.92 总计 7.9901 8.0000 7.9966 8.0000 8.0000 8.0000 8.0000 FeO 10.08 11.72 10.58 10.66 11.78 10.56 10.98 AlC 0.0854 0.0894 0.0821 0.0684 0.1253 0.1192 0.1227 MnO 0.73 0.79 0.62 0.69 0.75 0.79 0.62 FeC3+ 0.4797 0.4242 0.4522 0.4602 0.4053 0.4965 0.4567 MgO 18.07 16.32 17.73 17.95 15.83 17.51 16.98 TiC 0.0930 0.1166 0.0985 0.0885 0.1390 0.0912 0.1045 CaO 11.37 11.14 11.42 11.38 10.96 11.05 11.07 MgC 3.8720 3.5562 3.8022 3.8393 3.4614 3.7659 3.6633 Na2O 1.31 1.65 1.4 1.32 1.83 1.36 1.65 FeC2+ 0.4699 0.8136 0.5651 0.5436 0.8690 0.5272 0.6527 K2O 0.29 0.38 0.36 0.35 0.47 0.37 0.37 MnC 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 0.000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 总计 97.93 97.34 98.15 98.39 97.13 97.73 97.7 总计 5.0000 5.0000 5.0001 5.0000 5.0000 5.0000 4.9999 Si 7.1063 7.0644 7.0818 7.1063 7.0155 7.1399 7.1130 FeB2+ 0.2621 0.1948 0.2556 0.2753 0.1707 0.2504 0.2195 AlⅣ 0.8937 0.9356 0.9182 0.8937 0.9845 0.8601 0.8870 MnB 0.0889 0.0978 0.0755 0.0839 0.0932 0.0965 0.0760 AlⅥ 0.0854 0.0894 0.0821 0.0684 0.1253 0.1192 0.1227 CaB 1.6490 1.7074 1.6689 1.6409 1.7224 1.6531 1.7045 Ti 0.0930 0.1166 0.0985 0.0885 0.1390 0.0912 0.1045 NaB 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0136 0.0000 0.0000 Fe3+ 0.4797 0.4242 0.4522 0.4602 0.4053 0.4965 0.4567 总计 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 1.9999 2.0000 2.0000 Fe2+ 0.7320 1.0085 0.8207 0.8189 1.0397 0.7776 0.0760 CaA 0.1020 0.0373 0.0913 0.1085 0.0550 0.0120 Mn 0.0889 0.0978 0.0755 0.0839 0.0932 0.0965 0.0819 NaA 0.3651 0.4676 0.3905 0.3672 0.5068 0.3804 0.4630 Mg 3.8720 3.5562 3.8022 3.8393 3.4614 3.7659 3.6633 KA 0.0532 0.0709 0.0661 0.0641 0.0879 0.0681 0.0683 Ca 1.7510 1.7447 1.7602 1.7494 1.7224 1.7081 1.7165 总计 0.5203 0.5758 0.5479 0.5398 0.5947 0.5035 0.5433 Na 0.3651 0.4676 0.3905 0.3672 0.5204 0.3804 0.4630 K 0.0532 0.0709 0.0661 0.0641 0.0879 0.0681 0.0683 总计 15.5203 15.5759 15.548 8.4336 15.5946 15.5035 14.7529 注：下标表示离子在晶体中所占位置; 计算方法：以23个氧原子和16个阳离子为基准; 标准晶体化学式：A0-1B2C5T8O22(OH, F, Cl)2; 主量元素单位为%，FeC3+等阳离子通过电价差值法计算获得
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表 4 与角闪石共生的斜长石矿物组成
Table 4. Mineral composition of plagioclase coexisting with hornblende
% 样品号 DB25-2 DB56-2 DB56-4 DB58-2 SiO2 60.470 60.680 59.74 60.92 Al2O3 24.070 23.960 24.51 23.45 CaO 5.890 6.100 6.57 5.88 Na2O 8.690 8.670 8.25 8.44 K2O 0.180 0.170 0.30 0.65 BaO 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 总计 99.300 99.580 99.370 99.340 Si 2.7125 2.7155 2.6844 2.7350 Al 1.2725 1.2637 1.2980 1.2408 Ca 0.2831 0.2925 0.3163 0.2828 Na 0.7558 0.7523 0.7187 0.7347 K 0.0103 0.0097 0.0172 0.0372 Ba 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 总计 5.0342 5.0336 5.0346 5.0305 An 26.98 27.74 30.06 26.82 Ab 72.04 71.34 68.31 69.65 Or 0.98 0.92 1.63 3.53
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表 5 角闪石-斜长石温压计计算结果
Table 5. The calculation result of aluminum-in-hornblende geobarometry
岩体 点号 (Na+K)A TAl T*/℃ p(HZ86)/(108Pa) p(H87)/(108Pa) p(JR89)/(108Pa) p(S92)/(108Pa) Dep89/km Dep92/km Depave/km 多宝山铜矿花岗岩体 DB01-1 0.4183 0.979 656 1.004 0.762 0.681 1.65 2.573 6.232 6.645 DB01-2 0.5385 1.025 684.3 1.236 1.021 0.876 1.869 3.307 7.059 DB82-1 0.4566 1.001 662.6 1.115 0.886 0.774 1.755 2.924 6.627 7.047 DB82-2 0.4313 0.962 650.7 0.919 0.666 0.609 1.569 2.301 5.926 DB82-3 0.5947 1.11 711.1 1.663 1.5 1.235 2.274 4.665 8.587 6.519 DB120-1 0.4485 0.98 653.7 1.009 0.767 0.685 1.655 2.589 6.25 DB120-2 0.5313 1.01 669.8 1.16 0.936 0.812 1.798 3.068 6.789 公式 参数 DB01-1 DB01-2 DB01-1 DB01-1 DB01-1 DB01-1 DB01-1 Schmidt[38] T/℃ 642.9 700.4 661.7 585.5 注：式中的T/℃根据Holland等[35]提出的角闪石-斜长石温度计B计算 p/kb 1.61 1.84 1.71 1.54 2.23 1.61 1.76 H/km 6.08 6.95 6.46 5.82 8.42 6.08 6.65 Anderson等[32] T/℃ 642.9 700.3 661.8 585.5 p/kb 1.74 1.64 1.79 1.57 H/km 6.5715 6.1938 6.7603 5.9295 注：TAl = AlⅣ+AlⅥ，角闪石全铝含量; T*：当T < 970℃时，T/℃=1204×Ti+545(Ti是以23个氧计算的晶体化学式中的Ti阳离子系数)[46]; p(HZ86)—由Hammarstrom等[18]全铝压力计计算的压力; p(H87)为由Hollister等[42]全铝压力计计算的压力; p(JR89)—由Johnson等[43]全铝压力计计算的压力; p(S92)—由Schmidt[44]全铝压力计计算的压力; Dep89—由p(JR89)压力计算的成岩深度; Dep92—由p(S92)压力计算的成岩深度(取上地壳花岗岩平均密度2.7 g/cm3); Depave—平均深度
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