Zircon U-Pb age and tectonic genesis of the granite in the Beizhan iron ore deposit of western Tianshan, Xinjiang
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摘要:
西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带是中国重要的铁成矿带之一，但目前对该成矿带上的铁矿成因类型和成矿构造环境仍存在争议，主要原因是对赋铁矿火山岩和侵入其中的花岗岩缺乏深入研究，特别是对可能与成矿有关的花岗岩研究更少。通过对该成矿带中的备战铁矿区花岗岩进行锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学研究，探讨其成因及构造环境，为西天山地区铁矿成因提供新信息。对备战矿区花岗岩进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年，获得正长花岗岩年龄为321.5±3.6 Ma，花岗斑岩年龄为308±1.2 Ma，均形成于晚石炭世。岩石地球化学特征显示，该区花岗岩具有高钾钙碱性、准铝质特征；稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图表现为左陡右缓，Eu强烈负异常；微量元素分析结果显示，富集Rb、K、Th、Sr、U等，亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti、P等元素，结合构造环境判别图解，认为其形成于后碰撞环境。εHf（t）值分别介于5.7~13.3和7.5~12.5之间，平均值为10.91和10.06，为较高的正值，Hf二阶段模式年龄分别介于479~947 Ma和526~843 Ma之间，平均值为700 Ma和679 Ma。综合前人研究成果，认为晚石炭世西天山阿吾拉勒铁成矿带主要形成于由汇聚向伸展演化的后碰撞造山的构造转折期，此时由于岩石圈拆沉导致地幔物质底侵下地壳发生部分熔融作用，最终形成了晚石炭世备战铁矿花岗岩。
Abstract:The Awulale Mineralization Belt in the Western Tianshan Mountains is one of the important iron mineralization belts in China, but there is still controversy over the genetic types and tectonic environment of iron deposits in this mineralization belt.The main reason for the inconsistency in understanding is the lack of in-depth research on the iron-bearing volcanic rocks and granites intruded into them, especially on the granites that may be related to mineralization.By studying the zircon U-Pb age and rock geochemical data of the granites in the Beizhan iron mining area of the Awulale Metallogenic Belt, this paper aims to explore their genesis and tectonic environment and provide new information on the genesis of iron deposits in the Western Tianshan.LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the granites in the Beizhan iron mining area represent that the age of the K-feldspar granite is 321.5±3.6 Ma, and the age of the granite porphyry is 308±1.2 Ma, which was formed in Late Carboniferous.The geochemical characteristics of the rock samples show that they have high K2O+CaO contents and are characterized by quasi-aluminous features; the chondrite normalized distribution pattern of rare earth elements shows steep left and gentle right, and δEu value is strongly negative; trace elements analysis show enrichment in Rb, K, Th, Sr, U, etc., and depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, Ti, P and other elements.Combined with the tectonic environment discrimination diagrams, it is believed that they were formed in a post-collisional environment.The εHf(t)values range between 5.7~13.3 and 7.5~12.5, with average values of 10.91 and 10.06 respectively, which are higher positive values.The Hf two-stage mode ages tMD2 are between 479~947 Ma and 526~843 Ma, with average ages of 700 Ma and 679 Ma, respeetively.Based on comprehensive regional research results, it is believed that the Late Carboniferous Awulale Iron Metallogenic Belt of Western Tianshan was formed in a period of tectonic transition, and may be post-collision stage from convergence to extension evolution.During this period, granite in Beizhan region was formed.
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图 1 西天山构造简图(据Wang et al.，2017)
Figure 1.
图 6 正长花岗岩和花岗斑岩Hf同位素组成图(塔里木克拉通中太古代基底据Long et al., 2010; 2011; Jiang et al; 2015)
Figure 6.
图 7 SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)(a，底图据Middlemost，1994)、A/CNK -A/NK(b，底图据Peccerillo et al.，1976)与SiO2-K2O图解(c，底图据Rickwood，1989)
Figure 7.
图 8 稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)(标准化数据据Sun et al.，1989)
Figure 8.
图 9 SiO2-Al2O3(a)和SiO2-TFeO/(TFeO+MgO)(b)图解(底图据Maniar et al.，1989)
Figure 9.
图 10 Y-Nb(a)和(Y+Nb)-Rb(b)图解(底图据Pearce et al.，1984)
Figure 10.
表 1 正长花岗岩和花岗斑岩锆石U-Th-Pb测年分析结果
Table 1. Zircon U-Th-Pb dating results of syenogranite and granite porphyry
测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 表面年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 正长花岗岩BZY-2 BZY-2-01 109 310 102.7 3.02 0.0865 0.0008 0.5543 0.0061 0.0465 0.0002 1350 19 448 4 293 1 BZY-2-02 40 67 77.4 0.86 0.0751 0.0139 0.3680 0.0193 0.0490 0.0024 1072 374 318 14 309 15 BZY-2-03 1047 1235 2390.4 0.52 0.1081 0.0018 0.4260 0.0058 0.0293 0.0004 1769 30 360 4 186 3 BZY-2-05 136 68 95.4 0.71 0.1415 0.0014 1.0457 0.0151 0.0536 0.0003 2256 17 727 7 336 2 BZY-2-06 56 77 124.9 0.62 0.0635 0.0133 0.3645 0.0344 0.0477 0.0007 724 453 316 26 301 4 BZY-2-07 108 103 77.3 1.34 0.1120 0.0012 0.8209 0.0122 0.0532 0.0005 1832 19 609 7 334 3 BZY-2-08 60 83 107.5 0.77 0.0639 0.0143 0.3551 0.0214 0.0485 0.0007 739 488 309 16 305 4 BZY-2-09 77 91 111.8 0.81 0.0554 0.0006 0.3969 0.0181 0.0515 0.0017 428 -8 339 13 323 10 BZY-2-10 54 52 73 0.71 0.0553 0.0011 0.3949 0.0143 0.0508 0.0007 433 38 338 10 320 4 BZY-2-11 101 107 109.8 0.97 0.0550 0.0004 0.3872 0.0038 0.0509 0.0003 413 15 332 3 320 2 BZY-2-12 66 73 106.5 0.68 0.0532 0.0014 0.3779 0.0118 0.0515 0.0005 345 59 326 9 324 3 BZY-2-14 88 102 101.9 1.00 0.1107 0.0387 0.4842 0.0933 0.0639 0.0169 1813 676 401 64 399 103 BZY-2-15 74 85 103.3 0.82 0.0576 0.0053 0.3854 0.0226 0.0512 0.0007 522 206 331 17 322 4 BZY-2-16 44 42 38.6 1.08 0.0872 0.0162 0.3978 0.0167 0.0515 0.0014 1365 364 340 12 324 8 BZY-2-17 39 38 72.1 0.52 0.0662 0.0120 0.3925 0.0360 0.0513 0.0011 813 387 336 26 323 6 BZY-2-18 50 49 37.2 1.31 0.0530 0.0010 0.3712 0.0075 0.0508 0.0003 328 44 321 6 320 2 BZY-2-19 95 87 109.7 0.79 0.1116 0.0568 0.3968 0.0218 0.0515 0.0012 1825 1038 339 16 324 7 花岗斑岩BZY-1 BZY-1-01 50 85 109.7 0.78 0.0524 0.0005 0.3639 0.0131 0.0495 0.0009 302 20 315 10 311 6 BZY-1-02 64 45 65.1 0.69 0.0572 0.0046 0.3589 0.0090 0.0493 0.0020 502 206 311 7 310 12 BZY-1-03 52 71 84.9 0.84 0.0809 0.0260 0.3479 0.0091 0.0477 0.0009 1220 669 303 7 300 6 BZY-1-04 91 90 90.7 0.99 0.0557 0.0032 0.3653 0.0115 0.0492 0.0009 439 126 316 9 310 6 BZY-1-05 38 33 47.4 0.70 0.0562 0.0042 0.3588 0.0107 0.0484 0.0012 461 165 311 8 305 7 BZY-1-06 85 88 93.2 0.95 0.0943 0.0226 0.3571 0.0113 0.0489 0.0008 1514 467 310 8 308 5 BZY-1-07 111 107 112.3 0.95 0.0586 0.0051 0.3568 0.0113 0.0489 0.0010 550 193 310 8 308 6 BZY-1-08 52 44 48.2 0.90 0.0564 0.0048 0.3483 0.0079 0.0479 0.0007 465 195 303 6 302 5 BZY-1-09 97 67 79 0.85 0.0707 0.0184 0.3442 0.0070 0.0476 0.0005 950 554 300 5 300 3 BZY-1-10 96 70 80.5 0.87 0.1862 0.1276 0.3724 0.0180 0.0486 0.0004 2708 1493 321 13 306 3 BZY-1-11 89 66 96.9 0.68 0.0523 0.0007 0.3588 0.0112 0.0494 0.0008 298 -1 311 8 311 5 BZY-1-12 117 99 116.5 0.85 0.0549 0.0022 0.3658 0.0211 0.0483 0.0008 409 89 316 16 304 5 BZY-1-13 74 61 60.4 1.01 0.0722 0.0110 0.3319 0.0056 0.0460 0.0009 992 312 291 4 290 5 BZY-1-14 52 53 72.1 0.74 0.0516 0.0011 0.3532 0.0163 0.0486 0.0005 333 50 307 12 306 3 BZY-1-15 33 24 29.5 0.83 0.0586 0.0052 0.3547 0.0050 0.0484 0.0003 550 201 308 4 305 2 BZY-1-16 88 89 113 0.79 0.0524 0.0006 0.3595 0.0072 0.0495 0.0005 302 28 312 5 311 3 BZY-1-17 62 48 82.3 0.58 0.0806 0.0176 0.3643 0.0102 0.0496 0.0014 1213 441 315 8 312 9 BZY-1-18 66 58 61.3 0.94 0.0550 0.0009 0.3703 0.0070 0.0488 0.0003 409 42 320 5 307 2 BZY-1-19 45 46 85.3 0.54 0.1173 0.0556 0.3770 0.0299 0.0495 0.0011 1917 961 325 22 312 6 BZY-1-20 90 94 104.3 0.91 0.0533 0.0002 0.3622 0.0025 0.0493 0.0003 343 9 314 2 310 2 
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表 2 正长花岗岩和花岗斑岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果
Table 2. Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic results of syenogranite and granite porphyry
测点号 年龄/Ma 176Hf/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Yb/177Hf 2σ εHf (0) εHf (t) 2σ TDM/Ma TDM2/Ma fLu/Hf 正长花岗岩BZY-2 BZY-2-01 321.5 0.282765 0.000029 0.002539 0.000069 0.136377 0.004328 -0.3 5.7 1 720 947 -0.92 BZY-2-02 321.5 0.282915 0.000023 0.001747 0.000016 0.091866 0.000933 5.1 11.5 0.8 487 588 -0.95 BZY-2-05 321.5 0.282884 0.000025 0.001207 0.000007 0.066893 0.000558 4 11.1 0.9 524 634 -0.96 BZY-2-06 321.5 0.282844 0.000024 0.001378 0.000025 0.07475 0.001715 2.6 8.9 0.9 584 748 -0.96 BZY-2-07 321.5 0.282774 0.000026 0.001338 0.000044 0.074512 0.002885 0.1 7.1 0.9 684 888 -0.96 BZY-2-08 321.5 0.282893 0.000023 0.00112 0.00002 0.05824 0.001038 4.3 10.8 0.8 511 633 -0.97 BZY-2-09 321.5 0.282885 0.000021 0.001561 0.000032 0.076874 0.00133 4 10.7 0.8 528 648 -0.95 BZY-2-10 321.5 0.282907 0.000024 0.001396 0.000021 0.076773 0.001407 4.8 11.5 0.9 495 596 -0.96 BZY-2-11 321.5 0.282883 0.000025 0.001535 0.000012 0.084811 0.000996 3.9 10.7 0.9 531 651 -0.95 BZY-2-12 321.5 0.282868 0.000025 0.001827 0.000024 0.103022 0.001672 3.4 10.1 0.9 556 689 -0.94 BZY-2-13 321.5 0.283 0.000033 0.003125 0.000064 0.182547 0.003371 8.1 16.9 1.2 378 346 -0.91 BZY-2-14 321.5 0.283 0.000029 0.002271 0.000011 0.128923 0.00075 8.1 16.3 1 369 353 -0.93 BZY-2-15 321.5 0.282854 0.000028 0.001687 0.000007 0.094333 0.000633 2.9 9.6 1 574 718 -0.95 BZY-2-16 321.5 0.282962 0.000031 0.002089 0.000025 0.118464 0.000886 6.7 13.3 1.1 423 479 -0.94 BZY-2-17 321.5 0.282856 0.000031 0.001069 0.000004 0.057141 0.000385 3 9.8 1.1 563 707 -0.97 BZY-2-18 321.5 0.282813 0.000031 0.001381 0.000009 0.073136 0.00075 1.5 8.2 1.1 628 807 -0.96 BZY-2-19 321.5 0.282863 0.00003 0.001209 0.000039 0.06635 0.002053 3.2 10 1.1 555 693 -0.96 BZY-2-20 321.5 0.282823 0.000026 0.001535 0.000062 0.082531 0.003815 1.8 8.5 0.9 617 787 -0.95 花岗斑岩BZY-1 BZY-1-01 308 0.282834 0.00003 0.001551 0.000007 0.082217 0.000491 2.2 8.6 1 602 771 -0.95 BZY-1-02 308 0.282838 0.000027 0.00136 0.000006 0.070091 0.000164 2.3 8.8 1 592 758 -0.96 BZY-1-03 308 0.282833 0.000026 0.001459 0.000027 0.076273 0.001724 2.1 8.6 0.9 602 772 -0.96 BZY-1-04 308 0.282888 0.000028 0.001925 0.000017 0.105189 0.000772 4.1 10.5 1 529 653 -0.94 BZY-1-05 308 0.28291 0.000031 0.001738 0.000004 0.091954 0.000558 4.9 11.3 1.1 494 600 -0.95 BZY-1-06 308 0.282804 0.000028 0.001909 0.000005 0.10319 0.000521 1.1 7.5 1 651 843 -0.94 BZY-1-07 308 0.282895 0.00003 0.001751 0.000008 0.094028 0.000818 4.3 10.7 1.1 517 636 -0.95 BZY-1-08 308 0.28291 0.00003 0.001121 0.000008 0.055543 0.000221 4.9 11.4 1.1 487 593 -0.97 BZY-1-09 308 0.282824 0.000026 0.001367 0.000012 0.071788 0.00049 1.8 8.3 0.9 612 790 -0.96 BZY-1-10 308 0.282859 0.000029 0.001623 0.000014 0.086199 0.000602 3.1 9.5 1 567 716 -0.95 BZY-1-11 308 0.282891 0.000026 0.001051 0.000002 0.057108 0.000332 4.2 10.8 0.9 512 635 -0.97 BZY-1-12 308 0.282942 0.000031 0.001604 0.000025 0.089076 0.001684 6 12.5 1.1 446 526 -0.95 BZY-1-13 308 0.282886 0.000031 0.001759 0.000012 0.096912 0.000456 4 10.5 1.1 529 652 -0.95 BZY-1-14 308 0.282925 0.00003 0.00215 0.000005 0.119728 0.00045 5.4 11.7 1.1 478 573 -0.94 BZY-1-15 308 0.282913 0.000035 0.001448 0.000015 0.07644 0.000648 5 11.5 1.2 486 590 -0.96 BZY-1-16 308 0.282869 0.000032 0.001571 0.000006 0.084799 0.00063 3.4 9.9 1.1 551 691 -0.95 BZY-1-17 308 0.282829 0.000032 0.001386 0.000015 0.07257 0.000576 2 8.5 1.1 606 779 -0.96 BZY-1-18 308 0.282914 0.000032 0.000654 0.000013 0.035347 0.000835 5 11.6 1.2 475 577 -0.98 BZY-1-19 308 0.282845 0.000032 0.001438 0.000003 0.080016 0.000363 2.6 9 1.1 584 745 -0.96 BZY-1-20 308 0.282873 0.000035 0.0019 0.000029 0.106904 0.001858 3.6 10 1.2 550 686 -0.94
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表 3 正长花岗岩和花岗斑岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 3. Major, trace and rare earth element compositions of syenogranite and granit porphry
元素 BZY-3 BZY-4 BZY-5 ZK406-ZWX1 ZK408-ZWX6 ZK706-ZWX12 ZWX1 ZWX1 BZY-6 BZY-7 BZY-8 正长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 正长花岗岩 花岗斑岩 花岗斑岩 花岗斑岩 SiO2 75.78 75.88 75.44 71.26 75.80 70.83 75.80 75.46 74.24 75.65 74.36 TiO2 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.43 0.16 0.12 0.19 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.29 Al2O3 12.19 11.92 13.01 13.97 12.39 11.22 11.86 12.19 12.97 13.01 13.05 Fe2O3 1.86 1.2 1.94 3.35 1.21 1.74 1.06 0.79 0.83 1.94 0.38 FeO 0.69 0.59 0.11 0.35 0.35 0.73 0.27 0.35 0.75 0.77 1.03 MnO 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 MgO 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.89 0.21 1.53 0.12 1.02 0.32 0.22 0.32 CaO 0.52 1.73 0.52 1.27 1.23 3.59 2.05 3.57 1.2 0.83 1.48 Na2O 3.63 2.8 3.66 3.38 2.53 2.56 2.82 3.46 3.96 3.86 4.04 K2O 4.79 5.52 4.83 4.00 4.82 3.98 3.99 0.83 4.49 4.79 4.38 P2O5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.042 0.04 0.04 烧失量 0.15 0.43 0.15 0.62 0.50 2.90 0.60 1.05 0.53 0.15 0.40 总量 99.99 100.51 100.04 99.69 99.24 99.32 98.80 99.08 99.59 101.56 99.79 A/CNK 1.01 0.87 1.07 1.15 1.07 0.75 0.94 0.93 0.96 1.00 0.93 σ 2.16 2.11 2.22 1.93 1.65 1.54 1.41 0.57 2.29 2.29 2.26 Sr 31.46 75.93 260.1 178.50 119.90 57.92 185.20 253.90 44.85 90.39 85.12 Ba 169.94 159 101.4 185.50 292.20 94.32 326.90 102.90 180 270.7 334.2 Ga 12.99 14.95 20.52 14.74 6.85 7.49 6.93 4.86 13.65 20.27 Nb 22.57 17.65 34.36 18.47 13.79 14.15 14.18 6.50 15.74 16.36 18.29 Ta 1.38 1.63 1 1.22 1.6 1.46 Zr 177.7 115.9 182 159.59 94.89 182.19 130.84 167.45 193 149 164.9 Hf 4.38 4.41 4.32 6.57 4.88 3.39 Th 9.51 10.66 6.44 10.02 4.13 5.03 3.92 2.66 13.89 8.72 9.54 V 5.22 6.78 148.4 56.03 6.53 1.55 12.15 32.82 9.35 247 Cr 8.38 39.87 125.4 0.66 0.00 3.05 1.31 0.00 6.18 7.77 75.7 Co 0.9 1.36 14.79 18.16 20.86 3.46 43.14 13.33 2.16 29.19 Ni 6.36 3.98 43.93 0.76 0.00 1.16 5.08 4.26 6.4 42.11 Li 0.15 4.42 3.05 1.28 3.94 0.71 2.00 0.081 10.86 Sc 0.51 1.49 21.96 10.46 4.05 3.39 3.49 6.57 3.8 1.04 22.33 U 3.19 4.66 5.41 5.7 2.49 3.53 Y 16.35 34.14 22.2 35.6 37.53 40.28 La 31.02 27.21 19.11 48.21 46.27 42.63 43.89 10.02 44 38.31 41.78 Ce 72.6 46.37 20.37 98.96 99.62 94.95 90.74 24.20 80.8 43.7 52.05 Pr 6.75 5.24 4.13 11.87 12.01 11.77 11.04 4.01 8.9 6.88 7.77 Nd 21.48 23.44 27.22 38.41 37.83 37.48 34.16 17.03 31.9 23.86 28.38 Sm 3.5 5.3 5.7 7.98 7.45 7.89 6.83 4.94 5.9 4.65 5.56 Eu 0.13 0.12 0.17 0.76 0.48 0.30 0.68 0.60 0.54 0.31 0.49 Gd 3.82 5.57 5.41 7.69 7.10 7.77 6.91 4.99 5.2 4.67 5.66 Tb 0.49 0.89 0.52 1.43 1.26 1.42 1.18 1.02 0.98 0.59 0.68 Dy 2.72 6.58 4.88 9.41 7.90 9.46 7.58 6.69 5.7 3.76 4.32 Ho 0.55 1.23 1.04 2.02 1.70 2.10 1.67 1.42 1.3 1.66 1.75 Er 1.6 3.73 3.91 6.06 5.07 6.45 5.06 4.07 3.8 1.82 2.02 Tm 0.24 0.55 0.36 1.07 0.89 1.16 0.89 0.70 0.65 0.25 0.27 Yb 1.62 2.92 3.24 6.23 5.26 6.91 5.29 3.98 4.4 5.55 6.63 Lu 0.23 0.53 0.32 1.08 0.92 1.22 0.92 0.66 0.7 0.54 0.66 ΣREE 146.75 129.68 96.38 241.19 233.77 231.48 216.83 84.32 194.77 136.55 158.02 LREE 135.48 107.68 76.70 206.19 203.65 195.00 187.34 60.80 172.04 117.71 136.03 HREE 11.27 22.00 19.68 35.00 30.11 36.48 29.49 23.53 22.73 18.84 21.99 LREE/HREE 12.02 4.89 3.90 5.89 6.76 5.35 6.35 2.58 7.57 6.25 6.19 (La/Yb)N 13.73 6.68 4.23 5.55 6.30 4.43 5.95 1.81 7.17 4.95 4.52 (La/Sm)N 5.72 3.31 2.16 3.90 4.01 3.49 4.15 1.31 4.81 5.32 4.85 (Gd/Yb)N 11.13 9.00 7.88 5.82 6.37 5.31 6.16 5.92 5.58 3.97 4.03 δEu 0.11 0.07 0.09 0.29 0.20 0.11 0.30 0.36 0.29 0.20 0.26 δCe 1.17 0.89 0.54 0.98 1.01 1.02 0.98 0.94 0.95 0.61 0.66 TZr/℃ 796.07 759.49 798.19 785.22 741.92 796.85 768.25 789.41 803.44 780.68 788.07 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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