Geochronology and geochemistry characteristics of the volcanic rocks in Pangkuam gold deposit area, Northwestern Laos and its implication for gold exploration
-
摘要:
班康姆（Pangkuam）金矿是近年来在老挝西北部巴莱（Paklay）地区经过详查的、具有寻找超大矿床潜力的大型金矿床，开展该金矿区及周围地质研究，对老挝西北部金矿形成规律及深部外围找矿具有重要意义。对班康姆金矿矿区及附近火山岩进行了岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究，得到玄武岩、绿泥石化角闪安山岩、绢云母化角闪安山岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为304.5±3.9 Ma、309.4±3.1 Ma和314.4±3.6 Ma，属于晚石炭世中晚期岩浆活动的产物。地球化学分析表明火山岩样品TiO2、Ni、Cr等元素含量低，K2O及Al2O3含量高，富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素，为一套钙碱性中基性安山岩-粗安岩-钾玄岩系列，属于大陆边缘弧岩浆岩，可能为黎府洋俯冲闭合后的产物。晚石炭世中基性火山岩层系的存在，暗示老挝西北部地区的金矿形成规律还需要进一步研究，外围找矿需要关注更多的火山岩。
Abstract:Pangkuam gold deposit is a large gold deposit that has been detailedly investigated in northwestern Laos and shows the potential becoming a super-large mineral deposit.It is of great significance to carry out research on this deposit and its surrounding area for understanding the formation and exploration direction of gold deposit in NW Laos.In this study, we investigate the petrological, geochronological and geochemical studies of volcanic rocks in Pangkuam mining area.The results show that the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the basalt, chlorite hornblende andesite, and sericite hornblende andesite is 304.5 ±3.9 Ma, 309.4 ±3.1 Ma, and 314.4 ±3.6 Ma, respectively, and these ages belong to the middle to late Late Carboniferous.These volcanic rocks show low TiO2, Ni, Cr, and high Al2O3 content.In addition, they are enriched with LREEs and LILEs but depleted in HFSEs.These geochemical characteristics tested by XRF and ICP suggest that these samples are a set of calc-alkaline andesite-shoshonite rocks and exhibit a geochemical affinity to active continental marginal arc volcanic rocks.In summary, these samples may be products of subduction and closure of the Loei ocean.The exist of intermediate-basic volcanic rock series of the Late Carboniferous may indicate that the formation of gold deposit in NW Laos needs further study, and peripheral prospecting may need to focus on more volcanic rocks.
-
Key words:
- Loei tectonic zone /
- Pangkuam gold deposit /
- geochronology /
- geochemistry /
- arc volcanic rocks /
- Carboniferous
-
-
图 1 老挝西北部地质简图及采样位置(据Qian et al., 2015修改)
Figure 1.
图 6 老挝班康姆金矿火山岩稀土元素配分模式图(A)及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(B) (标准化数据据Sun et al., 1989；大陆弧火山岩数据据Peng et al., 2008)
Figure 6.
表 1 老挝班康姆金矿火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素组成分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotope dating results for the volcanic rocks in Pangkuam gold deposit in Laos
测试点位 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ rho 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 16LA01-02 50.8 149 0.34 0.0568 0.0036 0.3663 0.0192 0.0483 0.0010 0.3868 483 139 317 14.3 304 6.0 16LA01-03 89.2 152 0.59 0.0583 0.0045 0.3652 0.0259 0.0473 0.0009 0.2652 539 168 316 19.2 298 5.5 16LA01-04 38.3 125 0.31 0.0551 0.0047 0.3390 0.0248 0.0461 0.0009 0.2796 417 193 296 18.8 290 5.8 16LA01-06 52.4 174 0.30 0.0540 0.0038 0.3473 0.0218 0.0478 0.0009 0.3063 372 159 303 16.4 301 5.7 16LA01-10 36.9 103 0.36 0.0532 0.0050 0.3288 0.0244 0.0496 0.0011 0.3086 345 245 289 18.6 312 7.0 16LA01-11 36.1 108 0.34 0.0516 0.0046 0.3259 0.0265 0.0471 0.0011 0.2862 333 201 286 20.3 297 6.7 16LA01-13 74.7 210 0.36 0.0534 0.0037 0.3377 0.0217 0.0476 0.0008 0.2633 346 153 295 16.5 300 5.0 16LA01-14 86.1 249 0.35 0.0511 0.0030 0.3311 0.0175 0.0480 0.0008 0.3057 243 135 290 13.4 302 4.8 16LA01-15 72.1 163 0.44 0.0602 0.0039 0.4086 0.0246 0.0505 0.0009 0.2896 613 141 348 17.7 317 5.4 16LA01-16 74.4 180 0.41 0.0592 0.0038 0.3939 0.0224 0.0496 0.0009 0.3109 572 141 337 16.3 312 5.4 16LA01-17 161 281 0.57 0.0491 0.0026 0.3306 0.0164 0.0495 0.0008 0.3206 154 121 290 12.5 311 4.8 16LA01-20 65.3 162 0.40 0.0550 0.0041 0.3715 0.0248 0.0492 0.0008 0.2513 413 169 321 18.4 310 5.0 16LA01-21 41.3 126 0.33 0.0553 0.0044 0.3577 0.0256 0.0476 0.0009 0.2727 433 178 311 19.1 300 5.7 16LA01-22 39.6 93.8 0.42 0.0509 0.0049 0.3239 0.0232 0.0484 0.0011 0.3036 235 207 285 17.8 305 6.5 16LA01-23 67.3 160 0.42 0.0582 0.0043 0.3788 0.0237 0.0486 0.0009 0.2946 539 162 326 17.4 306 5.5 16LA02-01 15.1 43.9 0.34 0.0511 0.0043 0.3415 0.0256 0.0491 0.0012 0.3231 243 197 298 19.4 309 7.3 16LA02-02 21.0 58.6 0.36 0.0509 0.0039 0.3380 0.0229 0.0498 0.0009 0.2679 235 208 296 17.4 313 5.5 16LA02-03 16.6 50.8 0.33 0.0558 0.0040 0.3780 0.0241 0.0497 0.0010 0.3086 443 159 326 17.8 313 6.0 16LA02-04 26.0 60.8 0.43 0.0571 0.0040 0.3825 0.0221 0.0500 0.0009 0.3258 494 149 329 16.2 315 5.8 16LA02-05 17.3 48.6 0.36 0.0556 0.0045 0.3475 0.0235 0.0476 0.0011 0.3408 435 177 303 17.7 300 6.7 16LA02-07 30.4 80.0 0.38 0.0507 0.0031 0.3346 0.0192 0.0490 0.0008 0.2921 228 143 293 14.6 309 5.0 16LA02-08 57.6 139 0.41 0.0510 0.0024 0.3526 0.0160 0.0509 0.0009 0.3803 239 111 307 12.0 320 5.4 16LA02-09 33.7 83.9 0.40 0.0548 0.0037 0.3585 0.0223 0.0483 0.0009 0.2838 406 147 311 16.7 304 5.2 16LA02-10 24.5 71.3 0.34 0.0482 0.0031 0.3169 0.0173 0.0487 0.0009 0.3549 122 1335 280 13.4 307 5.8 16LA02-12 15.5 47.2 0.33 0.0548 0.0045 0.3584 0.0248 0.0487 0.0010 0.2947 467 192 311 18.5 307 6.1 16LA02-14 23.8 40.3 0.59 0.0593 0.0052 0.3846 0.0299 0.0490 0.0012 0.3031 589 195 330 21.9 308 7.1 16LA02-15 17.8 53.5 0.33 0.0538 0.0043 0.3559 0.0238 0.0487 0.0010 0.3116 361 180 309 17.9 307 6.3 16LA02-16 20.9 58.1 0.36 0.0580 0.0042 0.3729 0.0252 0.0481 0.0010 0.2929 532 157 322 18.7 303 5.9 16LA02-17 21.7 47.8 0.45 0.0624 0.0055 0.4063 0.0322 0.0499 0.0011 0.2821 689 190 346 23.2 314 6.8 16LA03-01 26.4 66.6 0.40 0.0514 0.0034 0.3528 0.0232 0.0505 0.0009 0.2680 261 154 307 17.4 317 5.5 16LA03-02 72.2 178 0.41 0.0510 0.0024 0.3529 0.0162 0.0505 0.0008 0.3481 243 107 307 12.2 318 5.0 16LA03-03 12.7 33.7 0.38 0.0583 0.0053 0.3906 0.0273 0.0511 0.0012 0.3500 539 200 335 19.9 321 7.7 16LA03-04 18.0 51.4 0.35 0.0558 0.0048 0.3835 0.0310 0.0496 0.0011 0.2830 456 195 330 22.8 312 7.0 16LA03-05 26.7 85.0 0.31 0.0494 0.0035 0.3426 0.0232 0.0506 0.0008 0.2443 168.6 156 299 17.6 318 5.1 16LA03-07 51.6 82.6 0.62 0.0548 0.0031 0.3872 0.0215 0.0509 0.0008 0.2930 406 97 332 15.7 320 5.1 16LA03-08 37.8 63.2 0.60 0.0529 0.0039 0.3590 0.0226 0.0502 0.0009 0.3001 328 165 311 16.9 316 5.8 16LA03-10 8.92 34.7 0.26 0.0540 0.0050 0.3593 0.0284 0.0497 0.0010 0.2660 369 209 312 21.2 313 6.4 16LA03-11 50.1 115 0.44 0.0528 0.0031 0.3739 0.0215 0.0517 0.0010 0.3221 317 133 323 15.9 325 5.9 16LA03-12 38.7 86.0 0.45 0.0556 0.0032 0.3895 0.0228 0.0506 0.0009 0.2955 435 131 334 16.6 318 5.4 16LA03-13 30.7 81.0 0.38 0.0607 0.0034 0.4146 0.0225 0.0493 0.0008 0.3101 628 122 352 16.1 310 5.1 16LA03-14 25.0 57.9 0.43 0.0546 0.0038 0.3660 0.0216 0.0490 0.0014 0.4739 398 156 317 16.1 308 8.4 16LA03-16 71.6 195 0.37 0.0485 0.0021 0.3285 0.0143 0.0491 0.0007 0.3336 124 108 288 10.9 309 4.4 16LA03-18 66.3 138 0.48 0.0506 0.0024 0.3335 0.0161 0.0480 0.0008 0.3364 233 103 292 12.2 302 4.8 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 老挝班康姆金矿火山岩全岩主量、微量和稀土元素含量
Table 2. Whole-rock major elements, trace elements and REE data for the volcanic rocks in Pangkuam gold deposit in Laos
样品号 16LA01-1 16LA01-3 16LA01-4 16LA02-2 16LA02-3 16LA02-4 16LA02-5 16LA02-6 16LA03-2 16LA03-5 SiO2 50.05 45.62 45.53 56.59 58.96 54.81 59.51 / 56.07 57.77 TiO2 0.74 0.87 0.86 0.59 0.51 0.48 0.62 / 0.58 0.50 Al2O3 18.77 15.10 16.29 17.11 16.37 16.56 16.03 / 16.88 17.07 Fe2O3 10.05 8.06 8.21 5.12 4.02 3.15 4.26 / 6.98 5.83 MnO 0.19 0.23 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.14 0.08 / 0.11 0.11 MgO 4.06 4.25 6.47 4.69 3.61 3.45 5.03 / 4.26 3.71 CaO 6.13 11.94 9.66 5.20 5.25 8.59 5.03 / 5.51 5.50 Na2O 4.55 2.83 3.15 5.54 5.78 4.44 4.47 / 4.03 4.00 K2O 1.78 3.64 2.78 1.31 0.93 2.03 0.59 / 1.43 1.46 P2O5 0.14 0.31 0.34 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.09 / 0.15 0.13 烧失量 3.81 7.49 6.91 2.85 3.41 6.48 3.95 / 4.12 3.79 总量 100.27 100.34 100.37 99.23 99.05 100.26 99.66 / 100.12 99.87 Li 75.77 14.53 11.65 20.67 9.93 8.52 12.07 23.51 12.34 11.17 Be 0.76 0.41 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.81 0.98 0.97 0.76 0.94 Sc 26.83 22.67 27.76 28.32 16.44 13.42 13.26 19.43 15.81 14.50 V 198.65 230.11 245.26 248.86 134.56 114.38 103.70 160.62 142.35 119.56 Cr 0.63 5.31 29.36 103.96 46.89 26.98 28.66 42.57 49.93 41.97 Co 28.88 29.62 30.15 30.31 31.28 26.46 8.70 25.28 26.90 24.70 Ni 17.38 5.75 36.62 53.49 34.37 26.11 26.00 39.58 34.89 33.00 Cu 90.40 50.11 133.54 27.35 20.37 15.09 3.63 5.29 7.13 20.32 Zn 76.58 72.40 54.43 66.47 38.75 37.60 43.08 44.35 74.91 65.59 Ga 20.28 17.60 14.07 15.90 18.49 16.44 15.44 19.31 17.60 17.30 Rb 13.17 24.81 53.42 45.49 15.03 10.25 26.31 6.56 21.32 21.90 Sr 145.69 970.29 795.32 490.21 1256.98 1188.99 773.51 784.93 683.71 692.29 Y 47.50 19.94 18.32 21.55 13.80 12.88 11.80 11.15 13.06 12.32 Zr 143.71 47.84 79.39 103.81 86.73 78.01 75.13 112.43 70.62 71.09 Nb 2.56 1.12 2.73 5.38 2.14 1.80 1.73 2.62 1.88 1.86 Sn 1.22 0.29 0.67 0.80 0.56 0.56 0.49 0.30 0.48 0.48 Cs 1.04 0.41 0.74 0.95 0.77 0.56 0.78 0.58 0.48 0.43 Ba 12.86 193.10 501.80 311.12 246.20 180.68 304.80 224.87 209.26 190.07 La 7.22 3.82 16.43 22.11 7.01 8.26 5.72 5.58 7.92 8.01 Ce 19.92 9.92 38.47 51.20 16.77 18.65 13.88 12.34 17.93 17.67 Pr 3.13 1.49 5.49 6.90 2.29 2.53 1.82 1.63 2.38 2.36 Nd 16.34 7.60 24.80 29.86 10.20 11.06 8.05 7.14 10.42 10.36 Sm 5.35 2.28 5.40 6.28 2.63 2.41 1.95 1.94 2.46 2.44 Eu 1.69 0.86 1.51 1.75 0.79 0.80 0.63 0.70 0.87 0.81 Gd 6.97 2.84 4.62 5.03 2.65 2.52 1.98 1.93 2.46 2.30 Tb 1.19 0.49 0.60 0.69 0.42 0.39 0.33 0.30 0.38 0.37 Dy 7.90 3.25 3.53 3.98 2.41 2.36 2.11 1.97 2.25 2.21 Ho 1.70 0.70 0.67 0.76 0.51 0.44 0.42 0.39 0.48 0.42 Er 4.86 2.11 1.79 2.12 1.44 1.31 1.25 1.19 1.31 1.21 Tm 0.75 0.31 0.26 0.32 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.18 Yb 4.94 2.12 1.57 2.03 1.39 1.34 1.28 1.35 1.30 1.23 Lu 0.71 0.34 0.24 0.30 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.19 Hf 4.10 1.50 2.25 2.89 2.61 2.26 2.29 3.00 2.02 2.00 Ta 0.16 0.07 0.15 0.32 0.15 0.14 0.29 0.16 0.12 0.14 Tl 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.17 0.04 0.10 0.10 Pb 4.06 1.13 5.05 4.70 3.47 3.73 2.49 3.40 3.66 4.46 Th 0.67 0.47 2.11 3.28 1.62 1.29 1.37 2.17 1.43 1.44 U 0.43 0.21 1.02 1.11 0.65 0.63 0.43 0.79 0.61 0.62 ΣREE 82.68 38.15 105.39 133.32 48.91 52.48 39.81 36.88 50.55 49.75 LREE 53.66 25.97 92.10 118.10 39.69 43.71 32.06 29.34 41.98 41.64 HREE 29.02 12.18 13.28 15.22 9.23 8.77 7.75 7.54 8.57 8.11 LREE/HREE 1.85 2.13 6.93 7.76 4.30 4.98 4.14 3.89 4.90 5.13 δEu 0.85 1.03 0.90 0.92 0.91 0.98 0.96 1.10 1.07 1.03 δCe 1.03 1.02 0.99 1.01 1.02 0.99 1.05 0.99 1.00 0.98 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Bar S M, Macdonald A S. Nan River suture zone, northern Thailand[J]. Geology, 1987, 15(10): 71-74.
[2] Burrett C, Zaw K, Meffre S, et al. The configuration of Greater Gondwana-Evidence from LA ICPMS, U-Pb geochronology of detrital zircons from the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic of Southeast Asia and China[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(1): 31-51. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.05.020
[3] Bunopas S. Palaeogeographic History of Western Thailand and Adjacent Parts of Southeast Asia: A Plate TectonicInterpretation[D]. Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand, 1981.
[4] Cann J R. Rb, Sr, Y, Zr and Nb in some ocean floor basaltic rocks[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1970, 10(1): 7-11. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(70)90058-0
[5] DGM. Lao P.D.R. Geological and Mineral Occurrence Map 1: 1 000 000[R]. Department of Geology and Mines, Lao P.D.R., Vientiane, 1990.
[6] Fanka A, Tsunogae T, Daorerk V, et al. Petrochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of granitic rocks in the Wang Nam Khiao area, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand: Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2018, 157: 92-118. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.08.025
[7] Feng Q L, Chonglakmani C, Helmcke D, et al. Correlation of Triassic stratigraphy between the Simao and Lampang-Phrae basins: implications for the tectonopaleogeography of Southeast Asia[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2005, 24: 777-785. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.11.008
[8] Floyd P A, Winchester J A. Magma type and tectonic setting discrimination using immobile elements[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1975, 27(2): 211-218. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90031-X
[9] Goldfarb R J, Taylor R D, Collins G S, et al. Phanerozoic continental growth and gold metallogeny of Asia[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 25(1): 48-102. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.03.002
[10] Gorton M P, Schandl E S. From continents to island arcs: A geochemical index of tectonic setting for Arc-related and within-plate felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks[J]. Canadian Mineralogist, 2000, 38(5): 1065-1073. doi: 10.2113/gscanmin.38.5.1065
[11] Holm P E. The geochemical fingerprints of different tectonomagmatic environments using hygromagmatophile element abundances of tholeiitic basalts and basaltic andesites[J]. Chemical Geology, 1985, 51(3): 303-323.
[12] Hutchison C S. Ophiolites in Southeast Asia[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1975, 86: 797-806. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<797:OISA>2.0.CO;2
[13] Intasopa S B. Petrology and geochronology of the volcanic rocks of the Central Thailand volcanic belt[D]. Canada, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, PhD thesis, 1993.
[14] Intasopa S B, Dunn T. Petrology and Sr-Nd isotopic systems of the basalts and rhyolites, Loei, Thailand[J]. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1994, 9(1/2): 167-180.
[15] Jakes P, White J R. Major and Trace Element Abundances in Volcanic Rocks of Orogenic Areas[J]. GSA Bull., 1972, 83: 29-40. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[29:MATEAI]2.0.CO;2
[16] Kamvong T, Zaw K, Meffre S, et al. Adakites in the Truong Son and Loei fold belts, Thailand and Laos: Genesis and implications for geodynamics and metallogeny[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(1): 165-184. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.06.011
[17] Leaman P, Manaka T, Jarical K, et al. The geology and mineralization of the Long Chieng Track(LCT)subvolcanic Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, LaoPDR[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2019, 106: 387-402. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.02.010
[18] Le Bas M J, Le Maitre R W, Streckheisen A, et al. A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram[J]. Journal of Petrology, 1986, 27: 745-750. doi: 10.1093/petrology/27.3.745
[19] Le Maitre R W, Bateman P, Dudek A, et al. A Classfication of igneous rocks and glossary of terms: Recommendations of the international union of geological sciences subcommission on the systematics of igneous rocks[M]. London: Blackwell Scientific Publication, 1989.
[20] Le Maitre R W. Igneous rocks-A classification and glossary of terms. Recommendations of the IUGS subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks(2nd Edition)[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
[21] Liu Y S, Hu Z C, Gao S, et al. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J]. Chemical Geology, 2008, 257(1/2): 34-43.
[22] Liu Y S, Hu Z C, Zong K Q, et al. Reappraisement and refinement of zircon U-Pb isotope and trace element analyses by LA-ICP-MS[J]. Science Bulletin, 2010a, 55(15): 1535-1546. doi: 10.1007/s11434-010-3052-4
[23] Liu Y S, Gao S, Hu Z C, et al. Continental and oceanic crust recycling-induced melt-peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China orogen: U-Pb dating, Hf Isotopes and trace Elements in zircons from Mantle Xenoliths[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2010b, 51(1/2): 537-571.
[24] Ludwig K R. User's manual for Isoplot 3.00: a geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel[M]. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication No. 42003, Berkeley, CA, 2003.
[25] Manaka T, Zaw K, Meffre S, et al. The Ban Houayxai epithermal Au-Ag deposit in the Northern Lao PDR: Mineralization related to the Early Permian arc magmatism of the Truong Son Fold Belt[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(1): 185-197. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.08.024
[26] Metcalfe I. Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: Tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 66: 1-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.12.020
[27] Miyashiro A. Volcanic rock series in island arcs and active continental margins[J]. American Journal of Science, 1974, 274(4): 321-355. doi: 10.2475/ajs.274.4.321
[28] Pearce J A, Harris N B W, Tindle A G. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks[J]. Journal of Petrology, 1984, 25(4): 956-983. doi: 10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
[29] Pearce J A, Peate D W. Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc lavas[J]. Annual Review Earth & Planetary Science Letter, 1995, 23(1): 251-285.
[30] Peng T P, Wang Y J, Zhao G C, et al. Arc-like volcanic rocks from the southern Lancangjiang zone, SW China: geochronological and geochemical constraints on their petrogenesis and tectonic implications[J]. Lithos, 2008, 102: 358-373. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2007.08.012
[31] Polat A, Hofmann A W, Rosing M T. Boninite-like volcanic rocks in the 3.7-3.8 Ga Isua greenstone belt, West Greenland: geochemical evidence for intra-oceanic subduction zone processes in the early Earth[J]. Chemical Geology, 2002, 184(3/4): 231-254.
[32] Qian X, Feng Q, Yang W, et al. Arc-like volcanic rocks in NW Laos: Geochronological and geochemical constraints and their tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2015, 98(98): 342-357.
[33] Qian X, Feng Q, Wang Y, et al. Petrochemistry and tectonic setting of the Middle Triassic arc-like volcanic rocks in the Sayabouli area, NW Laos[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2016, 27(3): 365-377. doi: 10.1007/s12583-016-0669-5
[34] Salam A, Zaw K, Meffre S, et al. Geochemistry and geochronology of the Chatree epithermal gold-silver deposit: Implications for the tectonic setting of the Loei Fold Belt, central Thailand[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(1): 198-217. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.10.008
[35] Shi M F, Wu Z B, Liu S S, et al. Geochronology and petrochemistry of volcanic rocks in the Xaignabouli area, NW Laos[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2019, 30(1): 37-51. doi: 10.1007/s12583-018-0863-8
[36] Shi M F, Khin Z, Liu S S, et al. Geochronology and petrogenesis of Carboniferous and Triassic volcanic rocks in NW Laos: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Loei Fold Belt[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Science, 2021, 208: 104661. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104661
[37] Sone M, Metcalfe I. Parallel Tethyan sutures in mainland Southeast Asia: New insights for Palaeo-Tethys closure and implications for the Indosinian orogeny[J]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2008, 340(2/3): 166-179.
[38] Su Y P, Zheng J P, Griffin W L, et al. Geochemistry and geochronology of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the eastern Junggar terrane, NW China: Implication for a tectonic transition[J]. Gondwana Research, 2012, 22: 1009-1029. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2012.01.004
[39] Sun S S, McDonough W F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes[J]. Geological Society London Special Publications, 1989, 42(1): 313-345. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19
[40] Winchester J A, Floyd P A. Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements[J]. Chemical Geology, 1977, 20(4): 325-343.
[41] Wood D A. The application of a Th-Hf-Ta diagram to problems of teconomagmatic classification and establishing the nature of crustal contamination of basaltic lavas of the British Tertiary volcanic province[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1980, 50: 11-30. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(80)90116-8
[42] Zaw K, Meffre S, Lai C K, et al. Tectonics and metallogeny of mainland Southeast Asia-a review and contribution[J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26: 5-30. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.10.010
[43] Zhao T Y, Qian X, Feng Q L. Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Silurian rhyolites in the Loei fold belt and their tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2016, 27(3): 391-402. doi: 10.1007/s12583-016-0671-y
[44] Zheng Y F. Metamorphic chemical geodynamics in continental subductionzones[J]. Chemical Geology, 2012, 328: 5-48. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.02.005
[45] 迟占东, 史琪, 康铁锁. 老挝班康姆金矿地球化学特征及找矿方向[J]. 地质论评, 2017, 63(S1): 183-184. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP2017S1089.htm
[46] 高亚龙, 牛英杰, 刘智勇, 等. 老挝金矿资源分布特征与成矿远景[J]. 现代矿业, 2017, 5: 27-32. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYKB201705005.htm
[47] 康铁锁, 胡远档, 宁庚陈, 等. 老挝班康姆铜金矿床地质特征及成矿规律[J]. 矿产与地质, 2016, 30(5): 778-782, 788. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5663.2016.05.013
[48] 卢汉堤, 潘翰, 康铁锁, 等. 老挝班康姆铜金矿床地质物化探综合找矿预测[J]. 矿产与地质, 2017, 31(6): 1141-1146. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5663.2017.06.019
[49] 宁庚陈, 赵延朋, 康铁锁, 等. 老挝Pangkham铜金矿床地质及围岩蚀变特征[J]. 世界有色金属, 2017, 10: 268-270. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-COLO201710152.htm
[50] 潘瀚, 李学彪, 赵延朋, 等. 老挝班康姆金矿地质特征与控矿因素分析[J]. 有色金属工程, 2017, 7(2): 76-80. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YOUS201702015.htm
[51] 史琪, 赵延朋, 迟占东, 等. 老挝班康姆铜金矿床地质特征及找矿方向[J]. 矿产与地质, 2016, 30(4): 568-572. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCYD201604008.htm
[52] 宋彪, 张玉海, 万渝生, 等. 锆石SHRIMP样品靶制作、年龄测定及有关现象讨论[J]. 地质论评, 2002, 48(s1): 26-30. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP2002S1006.htm
[53] 王玮, 王学求, 张必敏, 等. 老挝全国地球化学填图与成矿远景区预测[J]. 地球学报, 2020, 41(1): 80-90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB202001007.htm
[54] 文件生, 黎译阳, 杨静, 等. 老挝沙耶武里地区晚石炭世火山岩地球化学及同位素年代学研究[J]. 矿物岩石, 2018, 38(1): 80-90. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS201801010.htm
[55] 吴元保, 郑永飞. 锆石成因矿物学研究及其对U-Pb年龄解释的制约[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49(16): 1589-1604. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB200416001.htm
[56] 夏瑜, 周卫宁, 单志强. 老挝班康姆某矿床铜金矿石工艺特性研究[J]. 地质与勘探, 2017, 53(1): 198-206. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT201701022.htm
[57] 杨宗璘, Senebouttalath V, 孙慧, 等. 泰国-老挝黎府构造带晚泥盆世-早石炭世放射虫动物群及其地质意义[J]. 微体古生物学报, 2019, 36(3): 224-231. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-WSGT201903004.htm
[58] 袁月蕾, 刘晟辰, 柳旭光, 等. 胶东大尹格庄金矿床构造蚀变分带特征与成矿关系[J]. 地质通报, 2023, 42(4): 576-588. http://dzhtb.cgs.cn/cn/article/doi/10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2023.04.007
[59] 赵延朋, 何国朝, 陆家海. 老挝典型金矿床地质特征及成矿模式[J]. 矿产与地质, 2013, (S1): 41-46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCYD2013S1012.htm
[60] 赵延朋, 莫江平, 王晓曼. 老挝班康姆铜金矿床找矿标志及成矿预测研究[J]. 矿产与地质, 2015, 29(2): 178-183, 188. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCYD201502008.htm
[61] 赵延朋, 王晓曼, 康铁锁. 老挝班康姆铜金矿床成矿条件及成矿机理研究[J]. 矿产与地质, 2016, 30(6): 901-908. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCYD201606006.htm
[62] 赵延朋, 康铁锁, 宁庚陈, 等. 老挝班康姆铜金矿床火山-侵入杂岩地球化学特征及地质意义[J]. 岩石矿物学杂志, 2017, 36(3): 281-294. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSKW201703001.htm
-
图(9)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 1421
- PDF下载数: 213
- 施引文献: 0