Geochronology and Geochemical Features of the Late Carboniferous Monzogranite in Xiaowulangou of Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia and Their Geological Implications
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摘要:
笔者以锡林浩特小乌兰沟地区发育的晚石炭世二长花岗岩为研究对象，开展了岩石学、锆石U−Pb 同位素年代学、岩石地球化学等研究，讨论其构造环境，为进一步研究古亚洲洋闭合时限提供新的依据。LA−ICP−MS 锆石同位素U−Pb测年结果显示，该花岗岩的侵位年龄为（319.5±1.2）Ma，相当于晚石炭世。岩石地球化学研究表明，该岩石具有高Si、富K、贫Mg、贫Ca、低P和Ti的特征，属于高钾钙碱性、过铝质系列岩石；岩石富含大离子亲石元素Rb和高场强元素Th、Ta、Hf，亏损Sr、Ba、Nb；稀土元素以略富集轻稀土、Eu亏损为特征。地球化学特征反映其为I型花岗岩，来源于下地壳的部分熔融。构造环境判别图解显示该岩体形成于活动大陆边缘环境，表明研究区在晚石炭世期间仍存在洋壳的俯冲作用，暗示古亚洲洋此时尚未闭合。
Abstract:This study carried out analyses of petrology, zircon U−Pb isotopic geochronology and rock geochemistry of the Late Carboniferous monzogranite in Xiaolulangou of Xilinhot, in order to make the discussion of tectonic environment and provide a new basis for studying the closure time of the Paleo−Asian Ocean. Based on the LA−ICP−MS zircon U-Pb dating results, determines that the age of emplacement of the granite is (319.5 ±1.2) Ma, and equivalent to Late Carboniferous. Petrological and geochemical data reveal that the rock is characterized by high silicon, high potassium, poor magnesium, low calcium, low phosphorus, and titanium, It belongs to the high−K calc−alkaline and peraluminous series of rocks; The rocks are rich in large Ionic lithophilic elements Rb and high field strength elements Th, Ta, Hf, while depleting Sr, Ba, Nb; Rare earth elements are characterized by slightly enriched light rare earth, Eu losses. The geochemical characteristics reflect that it is partial melting from the low crust. The tectonic environment discriminant diagrams show that this rock is I-type granite representing active continental margin, indicating that the subduction of the oceanic crust during the Late Carboniferous period still existed, which implying that the Paleo−Asian Ocean didn’t close in Late Carboniferous.
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图 1 研究区地质简图（a）和大地构造位置简图（b）（底图据Xiao et al.，2003）
Figure 1.
图 6 小乌兰沟地区晚石炭世二长花岗岩微量元素原始地幔标准化图解（a）和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图解（b）（标准化数据据Sun et al.，1989）
Figure 6.
图 7 小乌兰沟地区晚石炭世二长花岗岩的成因类型判别图解（底图据Whalen et al.，1987）
Figure 7.
图 8 晚石炭世二长花岗岩的Nb–Y (a) 和Rb–（Y+Nb）(b) 构造环境判别图（底图据Pearce et al.，1984）
Figure 8.
图 9 晚石炭世二长花岗岩的R1-R2构造环境判别图（底图据Batchelor et al.，1985）
Figure 9.
图 10 晚石炭世二长花岗岩的Th/Yb–Ta/Yb判别图解（底图据Gorton et al.，2000）
Figure 10.
表 1 小乌兰沟地区晚石炭世二长花岗岩LA–ICP–MS锆石U–Pb年龄分析结果
Table 1. LA–ICP–MS zircons U–Th–Pb data for the late Carboniferous monzogranite in Xiaowulangou area
点号 含量（10−6） 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） Pb U 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 1 20 374 0.0509 0.0003 0.3742 0.0216 0.0533 0.0031 320 2 323 19 344 130 2 38 681 0.0508 0.0003 0.3715 0.0147 0.0530 0.0021 320 2 321 13 329 89 3 75 1446 0.0508 0.0003 0.3700 0.0118 0.0528 0.0017 320 2 320 10 321 72 4 32 616 0.0507 0.0003 0.3736 0.0175 0.0534 0.0025 319 2 322 15 346 104 5 19 382 0.0509 0.0006 0.3716 0.0657 0.0529 0.0093 320 4 321 57 326 399 6 10 190 0.0509 0.0005 0.3709 0.0464 0.0529 0.0068 320 3 320 40 323 293 7 26 510 0.0508 0.0004 0.3717 0.0246 0.0531 0.0035 319 2 321 21 333 149 8 40 784 0.0508 0.0003 0.3704 0.0125 0.0529 0.0017 319 2 320 11 325 75 9 12 230 0.0508 0.0004 0.3709 0.0350 0.0529 0.0050 320 3 320 30 326 216 10 21 402 0.0506 0.0006 0.3711 0.0545 0.0532 0.0078 318 4 320 47 338 334 11 18 350 0.0508 0.0004 0.3724 0.0233 0.0532 0.0033 319 2 321 20 338 141 12 43 786 0.0510 0.0005 0.3730 0.0816 0.0531 0.0114 321 3 322 70 331 486 13 35 606 0.0510 0.0005 0.3734 0.0437 0.0531 0.0060 321 3 322 38 334 258 14 8 143 0.0511 0.0009 0.3774 0.0774 0.0536 0.0111 321 6 325 67 353 470 15 9 183 0.0506 0.0008 0.3710 0.0965 0.0532 0.0142 318 5 320 83 337 606 16 23 418 0.0507 0.0003 0.3698 0.0207 0.0529 0.0030 319 2 319 18 323 127 
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表 2 小乌兰沟地区二长花岗岩主量元素（%）分析结果
Table 2. Major elements (%)compositions of the monzogranite in Xiaowulangou area
样 号 岩 性 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O D2551 细中粒二长花岗岩 77.10 0.06 12.78 0.37 0.29 0.039 0.07 0.39 3.89 D7069 细中粒二长花岗岩 77.40 0.05 12.65 0.34 0.24 0.028 0.05 0.28 3.93 D8209 中粒二长花岗岩 73.79 0.38 13.16 0.77 1.70 0.043 0.88 0.75 3.38 D3129 中粒二长花岗岩 75.19 0.28 12.96 1.29 0.97 0.037 0.38 0.39 3.22 D2560 中粒二长花岗岩 75.99 0.18 12.77 0.69 0.74 0.04 0.32 0.51 3.54 D0064 细中粒二长花岗岩 76.14 0.16 12.47 0.73 0.60 0.042 0.27 0.67 3.51 D2502 中粒二长花岗岩 76.30 0.14 12.62 0.62 0.62 0.033 0.29 0.57 3.32 WHEH-50-GSY01 二长花岗岩 74.11 0.05 14.88 0.47 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.34 4.56 WHEH-46-GSY01 二长花岗岩 76.31 0.06 13.18 0.17 0.19 0.08 0.08 0.35 3.56 样 号 岩 性 K2O P2O5 H2O＋ H2O＋ 烧失量 K2O/Na2O A/CNK FeOT/MgO AR D2551 细中粒二长花岗岩 4.59 0.012 0.34 0.14 0.38 1.18 1.06 8.90 4.62 D7069 细中粒二长花岗岩 4.44 0.012 0.47 0.12 0.57 1.13 1.07 10.92 4.67 D8209 中粒二长花岗岩 4.05 0.083 0.810 0.24 0.87 1.20 1.16 2.72 3.29 D3129 中粒二长花岗岩 4.27 0.055 0.680 0.29 0.90 1.33 1.22 5.61 3.56 D2560 中粒二长花岗岩 4.42 0.04 0.54 0.19 0.70 1.25 1.11 4.20 4.00 D0064 细中粒二长花岗岩 0.035 0.47 0.17 0.88 1.27 1.06 2.22 4.08 0.035 D2502 中粒二长花岗岩 0.033 0.49 0.16 0.63 1.43 1.09 2.18 4.13 0.033 WHEH-50-GSY01 二长花岗岩 0.03 – – – 1.05 1.12 0.71 4.18 0.03 WHEH-46-GSY01 二长花岗岩 0.05 – – – 1.55 1.06 2.38 5.07 0.05 注：–表示无数据；样品D0064、D2502数据引自Zhang等（2020）；样品WHEH-50-GSY01、WHEH-46-GSY01数据引自袁建国等（2017）。测试单位为河北省区域地质矿产调查研究所实验室。
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表 3 小乌兰沟地区二长花岗岩微量元素（10−6）分析结果
Table 3. Trace element (10−6) compositions of the monzogranite in Xiaowulangou area
样 号 岩 性 Cs Rb Sr Ba Ga Nb Ta Zr Hf Th D2551 细中粒二长花岗岩 6.10 251.30 20.00 108.60 13.28 12.31 2.89 54.50 2.70 17.10 D7069 细中粒二长花岗岩 8.08 258.10 10.10 107.60 12.77 8.45 2.87 51.80 3.03 12.19 D8209 中粒二长花岗岩 5.10 155.00 86.40 565 16.00 10.60 0.79 199.00 7.390 16.80 D3129 中粒二长花岗岩 10.30 226.00 79.00 532 18.6 16.60 1.52 236.00 9.460 23.10 D2560 中粒二长花岗岩 8.31 229.17 51.51 294.21 14.33 15.31 1.96 121.93 5.08 20.13 D0064 细中粒二长花岗岩 18.41 238.70 65.00 290.30 10.94 30.84 1.73 93.60 4.40 17.04 D2502 中粒二长花岗岩 1.87 245.9 48.5 161.7 14.4 13.05 1.95 96.7 3.50 34.56 WHEH-50-GSY01 二长花岗岩 – 248.1 18.3 50 17 12.8 1.8 23.3 1.4 8.6 WHEH-46-GSY01 二长花岗岩 – 227.7 26.2 47.6 13.7 14.6 2.3 32.8 1.9 6.5 样 号 岩 性 V Cr Co Ni Li Sc U Th/U Rb/Sr Sr/Ba D2551 细中粒二长花岗岩 23.00 1.90 0.44 7.40 7.30 5.18 0.84 20.36 12.57 0.18 D7069 细中粒二长花岗岩 20.70 1.20 0.18 1.90 11.68 4.30 1.06 11.50 25.55 0.09 D8209 中粒二长花岗岩 66.50 27.30 4.47 5.29 38.9 8.37 0.95 17.68 1.79 0.15 D3129 中粒二长花岗岩 54.6 21.30 3.72 5 29.4 7.58 1.1 21.00 2.86 0.15 D2560 中粒二长花岗岩 40.90 10.97 1.98 4.95 22.93 5.91 1.28 15.73 4.45 0.18 D0064 细中粒二长花岗岩 33.80 3.80 1.29 3.10 39.89 3.70 1.59 10.72 3.67 0.22 D2502 中粒二长花岗岩 46.8 10.3 1.8 7.0 10.4 6.3 2.14 16.15 5.07 0.30 WHEH-50-GSY01 二长花岗岩 26.4 23.2 0.8 – – – 1.7 5.06 13.56 0.37 WHEH-46-GSY01 二长花岗岩 16.6 21.6 0.6 – – – 1.9 3.42 8.69 0.55 注：–表示无数据；样品D0064、D2502数据引自Zhang等（2020）；样品WHEH-50-GSY01、WHEH-46-GSY01数据引自袁建国等（2017）。测试单位为河北省区域地质矿产调查研究所实验室。
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表 4 小乌兰沟地区二长花岗岩稀土元素（10−6）分析结果
Table 4. REE (10−6) compositionsof the monzogranite in Xiaowulangou area
样号 岩性 La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho D2551 细中粒二长花岗岩 14.02 38.34 3.90 13.40 3.27 0.14 2.93 0.64 4.53 0.93 D7069 细中粒二长花岗岩 10.17 28.03 2.97 10.26 2.95 0.06 3.18 0.81 6.37 1.36 D8209 中粒二长花岗岩 19.4 55.6 5.05 19 4.45 0.6 4.11 0.78 4.69 1.02 D3129 中粒二长花岗岩 27 62.6 7.32 27.5 6.52 0.46 5.59 1.13 7.18 1.48 D2560 中粒二长花岗岩 16.62 44.25 4.36 15.75 3.76 0.31 3.57 0.76 5.28 1.14 D0064 细中粒二长花岗岩 13.64 36.98 3.09 10.77 2.31 0.32 2.40 0.52 3.89 0.86 D2502 中粒二长花岗岩 15.50 43.97 3.81 13.57 3.05 0.25 3.21 0.70 4.99 1.21 WHEH-50-GSY01 二长花岗岩 7.14 15.74 1.71 5.65 1.69 0.09 1.8 0.46 3.63 0.77 WHEH-46-GSY01 二长花岗岩 7.1 13.72 1.61 5.45 1.64 0.12 1.94 0.52 4.26 0.93 样 号 岩 性 Er Tm Yb Lu Y ∑REE LREE/HREE δEu （La/Yb）N Sm/Nd D2551 细中粒二长花岗岩 2.97 0.57 3.39 0.51 23.08 112.62 1.85 0.14 2.97 0.24 D7069 细中粒二长花岗岩 4.20 0.75 4.13 0.65 37.21 113.10 0.93 0.06 1.77 0.29 D8209 中粒二长花岗岩 3.01 0.49 3.01 0.47 27.8 149.48 2.29 0.42 4.62 0.23 D3129 中粒二长花岗岩 4.61 0.73 4.64 0.65 42.8 200.21 1.91 0.23 4.17 0.24 D2560 中粒二长花岗岩 3.57 0.65 4.02 0.60 31.36 136.00 1.67 0.25 2.97 0.24 D0064 细中粒二长花岗岩 2.92 0.59 3.88 0.57 23.35 106.09 1.72 0.41 2.52 0.65 D2502 中粒二长花岗岩 3.73 0.79 5.06 0.78 33.89 134.50 1.47 0.24 2.20 0.69 WHEH-50-GSY01 二长花岗岩 2.41 0.42 2.6 0.38 22.7 67.19 0.91 0.16 1.97 0.91 WHEH-46-GSY01 二长花岗岩 2.95 0.53 3.37 0.48 26.2 70.82 0.76 0.21 1.51 0.92 注：样品D0064、D2502数据引自Zhang等，2020；样品WHEH-50-GSY01、WHEH-46-GSY01数据引自袁建国等，2017。测试单位为河北省区域地质矿产调查研究所实验室。
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