某钼矿集中开采区尾矿库排水重金属环境风险等级及其贡献率分析

贾晓丹; 王晖; 徐友宁

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023092

某钼矿集中开采区尾矿库排水重金属环境风险等级及其贡献率分析

1.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 / 西北地质科技创新中心，陕西西安　710119

2.
陕西省水工环地质调查中心，陕西西安　710054

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目“安康蒿坪河流域石煤矿区生态修复支撑调查与监测”（DD20230457），陕西省重点研发计划“秦巴山区金属矿产开发引发生态环境污染综合治理关键技术与示范”（2023-ZDLSF-63）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介: 贾晓丹（1979−），女，硕士，高级工程师，从事环境资源评价与研究。E–mail：jxiaodan@mail.cgs.gov.cn

通讯作者: 徐友宁（1963−），男，博士，研究员，主要从事矿山环境地质调查与研究。E–mail：ksdzhj@sohu.com

中图分类号: P69；X508

收稿日期: 2022-08-26

修回日期: 2023-04-23

刊出日期: 2023-08-20

Analysis of Heavy Metal Environmental Risk Level and Contribution Rate of Tailings Storerooms of A Molybdenum Mine

1.
Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey / Northwest China Center for Geoscience Innovation, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

2.
Shaanxi Hygrogeology Engineering Geology and Enviroment Geology Survey Center, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China

More Information

Corresponding author: XU Youning, ksdzhj@sohu.com

Received Date: 26 August 2022

Revised Date: 23 April 2023

Publish Date: 20 August 2023

摘要

摘要:
为研究具有20年采矿历史的陕南某钼矿集中开采区对外环境的水污染效应，笔者采集25个尾矿库酸性外排水的水量及水质测试数据，包括Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Mo等9种重金属元素含量，对多污染源多种重金属复合污染进行评价。采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法与《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978–1996）和《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838–2002）进行对标分析，结合外排水水量计算单项重金属元素污染负荷；在等权指标法的基础上，以地表水环境质量标准为基准，按照“标准值大小决定其重要性”的原则，根据两基点相对重要程度，引入三标度间接矩阵，计算得出含Fe元素在内的9种元素相对权重，与其污染负荷共同给出某一尾矿库环境风险值。在此基础上，计算得出25个尾矿库对受纳水体的污染贡献率，为制定尾矿库污染源优先治理方案提供参考。
- 尾矿库 /
- 外排水 /
- 钼矿 /
- 环境风险值 /
- 环境风险值 /
- 污染贡献率
Abstract:
To investigate the water pollution effects of a molybdenum mine’s concentrated mining area in southern Shaanxi Province with a 20–year mining history on the surrounding environment, this study collected water quantity and quality test data for 25 tailings pond acid drainage outlets, including the contents of nine heavy metal elements such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, and molybdenum, to evaluate the compound pollution caused by multiple sources and multiple heavy metals. Using the single pollution index and comprehensive index method, this study compared and analyzed the results with the“Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978–1996)”and the“Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838–2002)”, and calculated the single heavy metal element pollution load based on the amount of discharged water. Furthermore, on the basis of the equal–weight index method, this study used the environmental quality standards as a benchmark and, according to the principle of "the importance of the standard value determines its importance," introduced a three–scale indirect matrix to calculate the relative weights of the nine elements, including Fe, and their pollution loads to determine the environmental risk value of a tailings pond. Finally, this study determined the pollution contribution rate of the 25 tailings ponds to the receiving water body, and provided suggestions for the prioritization of tailings pond pollution source control in the next step, based on the pollution load and environmental risk value, to provide a reference for the formulation of relevant follow–up treatment plans.
- tailings /
- effluent wastewater /
- molybdenum mine /
- heavy metal element /
- environmental risk /
- pollute–contribution rate

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图 1 研究区范围及尾矿库分布图

Figure 1.

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图 2 9种重金属元素权值图

Figure 2.

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图 3 25个尾矿库单因子污染指数图（参照《污水综合排放标准（GB 8978–1996）》）

Figure 3.

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图 4 25个尾矿库重金属元素内梅罗指数图（参照《污水综合排放标准（GB 8978–1996）》）

Figure 4.

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图 5 25个尾矿库单因子污染指数图（参照《地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838–2002）》）

Figure 5.

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图 6 25个尾矿库重金属元素内梅罗指数图（参照《地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838–2002）》）

Figure 6.

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图 7 25个尾矿库重金属污染负荷图

Figure 7.

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图 8 每种污染物负荷所占百分比图

Figure 8.

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图 9 环境污染风险值及环境污染贡献率图

Figure 9.

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表 1 评价标准及质量浓度限值统计表

Table 1. The limit value of standard

标准及限值	项目
标准及限值	pH	Hg	Cd	As	Pb	Cu	Zn	Mn	Fe	Mo
污水综合排放标准（GB 8978–1996）一级	6～9	50	0.1	500	1.0	0.5	2	2	10*	1.5**
地表水质量标准（GB 3838–2002）Ⅲ类	6～9	0.1	0.005	50	0.05	1	1	0.1	0.3	0.07
注：.《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》（GB 13456–2012）；*.《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》（DB 21/1627–2008）；Hg、As含量为μg/L，其余元素含量为mg/L。

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表 2 重金属单因子污染指数及综合指数分级标准表

Table 2. Classification standard of single factor pollution index and nemerow index of heavy metals

等级	单因子指数（P_i）	评价等级	综合指数（P_i综）	评价等级
1	P_i≤1.0	无污染	P_i综≤0.7	安全
2	1.0＜P_i≤2.0	轻微污染	0.7＜P_i综≤1.0	警戒值
3	2.0＜P_i≤3.0	轻度污染	1.0＜P_i综≤2.0	轻度污染
4	3.0＜P_i≤4.0	中度污染	2.0＜P_i综≤3.0	中度污染
5	P_i＞5.0	重度污染	P_i综＞3.0	重污染

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表 3 地表水综合评价污染物两两判断比较表

Table 3. Comparison of contamination assessment on the surface water

	Hg	Cd	As	Pb	Cu	Zn	Mn	Fe	Mo	排序指数r_i
地表水环境质量标准 Ⅲ类水标准	0.0001	0.005	0.05	0.05	1	1	0.1	0.3	0.07
Hg	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	17
Cd	0	1	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	15
As	0	0	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	12
Pb	0	0	1	1	2	2	2	2	2	12
Cu	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	2
Zn	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	2
Mn	0	0	0	0	2	2	1	2	0	7
Fe	0	0	0	0	2	2	0	1	0	5
Mo	0	0	0	0	2	2	2	2	1	9
注：Hg、As含量为μg/L，其余元素含量为mg/L。

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