Tectono–Magmatic Evolution of the Neo–Tethys Belt in Pakistan and Related Mineralization of Major Metal Mineral Deposits
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摘要:
巴基斯坦在大地构造位置上处于印度、欧亚和阿拉伯三大板块的汇聚带，正同时发生着大陆碰撞和大洋俯冲作用，是研究地球系统深部圈层相互作用与成矿效应的绝佳天然实验室。但是，目前对于巴基斯坦构造演化与成矿作用的研究还不系统，对于巴基斯坦的大型–超大型矿床形成的背景和机制仍不清楚。笔者针对巴基斯坦不同类型的优势矿种开展了深入解剖和对比研究，系统梳理最新研究进展，围绕巴基斯坦新特提斯构造–岩浆演化与成矿作用响应的关键科学问题，分析铜矿、铬铁矿、铅锌矿以及碳酸岩有关的稀土矿床等重要金属成矿类型形成的构造环境以及与区域重大地质事件的耦合关系，总结巴基斯坦区域成矿规律，为资源潜力分析和境内外找矿勘查提供依据。
Abstract:Pakistan is located in the convergent zone of the India, Eurasian and Arabian plates, an important part of the Tethys tectonic domain. It is an excellent natural laboratory for the study of deep earth system interactions and mineralization effects, as both continental collision and oceanic subduction occur in Pakistan. However, the study of tectonic evolution and mineralization in Pakistan is still not systematic, and the background and mechanism of formation of some large and super–large ore deposits in Pakistan are still unclear. The authors and collaborating team have conducted in–depth anatomical and comparative studies on different types of dominant mineral deposits in Pakistan. In this paper, the resent research progress are summarized systematically. Focusing on the key scientific issues of tectonic-magmatic evolution and mineralization response in the Neo–Tethys belt, we have analyzed the tectonic setting of the formation of major metal mineralization types such as copper, chromite, lead-zinc and carbonatite–related REE deposits and the coupling relationship with major regional geological events. The study of regional mineralization regularities in Pakistan will provide a basis for resource potential analysis and mineral exploration both domestic and abroad.
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Key words:
- Neo–Tethys /
- magmatism /
- chromite /
- porphyry Cu–Au deposits /
- carbonatite /
- Pakistan
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图 2 巴基斯坦大地构造简图（A）及典型矿床矿床分布图（B）（据Kazmi et al.，1982；吕鹏瑞等，2016修）
Figure 2.
图 3 查盖地区主要斑岩型矿床（点）分布及年代学（据Perelló et al.，2008修）
Figure 3.
图 4 查盖火山岩浆岩带主要岩浆事件及成矿时代（据Perelló et al.，2008修）
Figure 4.
图 8 巴基斯坦胡兹达尔–拉斯贝拉地质简图（据Song et al.，2019修）
Figure 8.
图 9 胡兹达尔–拉斯贝拉地区铅锌硫化物矿床成矿构造示意图（据Large，1980; Ahsanet al.，1999；张辉善，2021）
Figure 9.
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